IT Concepts

Question 1

4 Functions of a Computer System

Answer 1

Input –> Process –> Output –> (Storage)

Question 2

Client-to-Server
Implementation

(examples)

Answer 2

Servers on one side of the network running authentication to facilitate millions of users logging in and permitting access to specific resources based on parameters such as username, password, and system identifiers. Common across organizations.

Question 3

Peer-to-Peer
Implementation

(examples)

Answer 3

Access to resources is provided without the assistance of a server. File transfer protocol is an example of peer-to-peer implementation. Common in small businesses and homes.

Question 4

Types of Network Topology

Answer 4

Physical & Logical

Question 5

2 Common Types of Networks

Answer 5

Local area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs).

Question 6

2 Types of Network Designs

Answer 6

Client-to-Server and Peer-to-Peer

Question 7

Data & Information

Management

Answer 7

The IT function that focuses on the efficient storage and dissemination of organization data and information to support its effective use with an eye on disaster recovery and business continuity to mitigate the high costs of losing data.

Question 8

Systems Integration

Answer 8

The setting up and configuring the new products and programs to align with the specific organizational needs and to integrate with other systems already in use.

Question 9

Software Development

Answer 9

Identifying and implementing systems that help the organization perform tasks more efficiently or provide novel services.

Question 10

Business Analysis

Answer 10

Organizations analyze their processes, then assess current and anticipated needs for gaps that technology can fill.

Question 11

Security

Answer 11

Systems in place to identify threats and prevent incidents that compromise the organization’s data or disrupt the business.

Question 12

User Support

Answer 12

IT provides support to users by first analyzing the needs and issues, then identifying and implementing solutions so users can stay productive with minimal technical interruption.

Question 13

Website Classifications

Answer 13

Intranet / Internet / Extranet

Question 14

Business Intelligence

Answer 14

Systems and personnel supporting data analytics use the organization’s data to examine its past performance, identify the reasons behind past and current issues, and forecast future performance.

Question 15

Project Management

Answer 15

The maintenance of an organization’s IT infrastructure to assure continuous functionality and implement improvements or technology changes within the general organizational IT strategy.

Question 16

Outsourcing Services

Answer 16

When smaller organizations employ third-party, specialized IT consulting services.

Question 17

5 Most Common

Computing Disciplines

Answer 17

Computer Engineering
Computer Science
Software Engineering
Information Systems
Information Technology

Question 18

Computer Engineering

Answer 18

(CE)

A discipline that focuses on the design of hardware systems and the software that makes them work.

Question 19

Computer Science

Answer 19

(CS)

A discipline that addresses the design and implementation of software with an emphasis on developing effective ways to solve computing problems and creating new ways to use computers.

Question 20

Software Engineering

Answer 20

(SE)

A discipline that focuses on the development and maintenance of reliable and efficient software systems.

Question 21

Information Systems

Answer 21

(IS)

A discipline that focuses on integrating IT solutions meant to meet organizational business goals.

Question 22

Information Technology

Answer 22

(IT)

A Discipline that focuses more on the technology supporting information systems in an organization rather than the information residing on the systems or being communicated with them.

Question 23

Data Science

Answer 23

Finding patterns/clusters in information; providing insight where one would not know to look.

Question 24

3 (Core)

Cloud-Based Systems

Answer 24

IaaS / PaaS / SaaS

Question 25

Volatile vs. Nonvolatile

Answer 25

Volatile memory is lost when the power is cut (RAM), while nonvolatile memory remains (ROM).

Question 26

System Speed (Clock Speed)

2 Primary Measurements

Answer 26

Megahertz (MHz)

Gigahertz (GHz)

Question 27

Computer Storage is commonly measured in ____?

Answer 27

MB / GB / TB

Question 28

4 Computer Categorizations

Answer 28

Supercomputer

Mainframe Computer

Workstation Computer

Microcomputer

Question 29

Ring Topology

Answer 29

Every device/node is connected to exactly two other nodes one on either side of it in closed loop fashion. All messages travel though the ring either in a clockwise direction or anti-clockwise direction.

Question 30

Star Topology

Answer 30

Every device is connected to a central device such as a switch. Star topology requires more cable as compared to other topologies but it’s more robust as a failure in one cable will only disconnect the specific connected computer via that cable to the central device.

Question 31

Mesh Topology

Answer 31

Nodes are connected to each other in a redundant fashion with multiple connections. There are two types of mesh topologies, Partial and Full.

Question 32

Methods of Process Communication

Answer 32

Client/Server Model

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Distributed Systems

Question 33

Client/Server Model

Answer 33

The client/server model is a popular models used wherein the basic roles played by the processes are categorized as either a client, making requests, or a server, satisfying client requests.

Question 34

Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Answer 34

Processers both request AND provide service to each other.

such as instant messaging and interactive games

Question 35

Types of Distributed Systems

Answer 35

Cluster / Grid / Cloud

Question 36

4 Common Bandwidth Speeds

Answer 36

CAT1 - 1 Mbps

CAT2 - 4 Mbps

CAT3 - 10 Mbps

CAT5e - 1 Gbps

Question 37

3 Tiers of ISPs

Answer 37

Tier 1 - International WANs

Tier 2 - Regional WANs

Tier 3 - End Systems or “Hosts” (Local service providers)

Question 38

Common Types of Malware

Answer 38

Viruses / Worms / Spyware / Phishing

Question 39

Types of Software

Answer 39

System Software

&

Application Software

Question 40

Data Types

Answer 40

Integers

Floating Point Numbers

Characters

Character Strings

Boolean Values

Question 41

8 Types of Databases

Answer 41

Flat-File Database

Hierarchical Database

Relational Database

Object Oriented Database

NoSQL Database

Cloud Database

Data Lake

Distributed Database

Question 42

IT Governance

Answer 42

The system of processes that ensures the effective and efficient use of IT to enable an organization to achieve its business goals and to add value to key stakeholders in an organization.

Question 43

Types of System Maintenance

Answer 43

Corrective

Adaptive

Perfective

Preventive

Question 44

Pareto Principle

Answer 44

The theory that 80% of errors come from 20% of the system, meaning most errors can be identified by testing carefully selected groups of samples.

Question 45

Ten Commandments

of Computer Ethics

Answer 45

1 - Harm no one.

2 - Don’t interfere with another’s work.

3 - Don’t snoop through files.

4 - Do not hack to steal.

5 - Do not bear false witness.

6 - Do not pirate copies.

7 - Don’t use others’ resources without compensation.

8 - Do not appropriate ideas.

9 - Consider social consequences of your programming.

10 - Always use computers with consideration and respect for other humans.

Question 46

Asimov’s

3 Laws of Robotics.

Answer 46

1 - A robot must not harm, or ignore preventable harm to a human.

2 - A robot must obey human orders without disregard to rule 1.

3 - A robot must protect its own existence without disregard to rules 1 and 2.