Infections of skin, soft tissue, muscle bones and joints

Question 1

What are the 3 lines of invasion/damage

Answer 1

1. breach of intact skin- infection of skin
2. Skin manifestations of systemic infection
3. Toxin mediated skin damage

Question 2

What are the most common causes of skin and soft tissue infection

Answer 2

Staph aureus

Strept pyogenes

Question 3

What does staph aureus lead to

Answer 3

Boils
styes
carbuncles

Question 4

What can Staph aureus lead to

Answer 4

Toxic shock syndrome

Scalded skin syndrome

Question 5

What causes and abscess

Answer 5

Infection in and around a hair follicle
Organism multiply
Influx of neutrophils and fibirn is deposited

Question 6

What is panton- valetine leukocidin

Answer 6

Cytotoxin that destroys WBC - extensive tissue necrosis and severe infection

Question 7

How are staph infections diagnosed

Answer 7

usually made on clinical grounds 
culture and further investigation is important in hospital infections 
Pus/infected tissue/ blood 
- gram stain 
- culture

Question 8

of treatment of staph infections
minor lesions
severe infection and fever
recurrent/persisitant infections

Answer 8

minor lesions - drainage
Severe infection and fever- antibiotics
Recurrent/ persistant infections- decolonization

Question 9

Treatment for MSSA + MRSA

Answer 9

MSSA- flucloxicillin

MRSA- vancomycin

Question 10

What type of bacteria is strept pyogones

Answer 10

Gram +ve cocci in chains

Question 11

How are streptococcal skin infections diagnosed and treated?

Answer 11

diagnosed clinically

treated with penicillin

Question 12

Symptoms of pyogenic local infections

Answer 12

Impetigo- yellow crust lesions

AGN may complicate skin infections

Question 13

Treatment for impetigo

Answer 13

Oral fluclox

Question 14

Symptoms of invasive diseases

Answer 14

erysipelas - dermal lymphatics
soft tissue sepsis cellulitis
necrotizing fasciitis
acute spreading infection of the skin that involves SC tissue

Question 15

treatment for erysipelas

Answer 15

Penicillin

Question 16

Treatment for sepsis cellulitis

Answer 16

Flucloxicillin

Question 17

Toxigenic streptococcal skin infections

Answer 17

Scarlet fever and TSS

Question 18

What is necrotising soft-tissue infections

Answer 18

Infection below the dermis
spreads along the fascial panes disruption of blood supply
“ flesh eating “

Question 19

What is gas gangrene

Answer 19

Organisms invade into muscle casue necrosis and produced gas bubbles

Immediate surgical debridement is vital

Question 20

What is leprosy also known as

Answer 20

Myobacterium leprae

Question 21

Clinical features of leprosy

Answer 21

IP - years - gradual onset

Question 22

Diagnosis of leprosy

Answer 22

M leprae acid - fast rods in nasal scrapping s and lesion biopsies

Question 23

Treatment of leprosy

Answer 23

Dapsone given as part of a multidrug regimen to avoid resistance

Question 24

Fungal infection of the skin

Answer 24

Superficial Mycoses
Cutaneous mycoses
SC mycoses
Skin manifestations of systemic mycosis include blastomycosis, cryptomycosis

Question 25

What is pityriasis - tinea versicolor

Answer 25

Common skin disease caused by overgrowth of yeast malassezia

Question 26

Treatment for pityriasis - tinea versicolor

Answer 26

Topical treatment (Azole) / selenium suplphide lotion

Question 27

What happens in dermatophyte infections

Answer 27

Filamentous fungi invading keratinized structures; skin hair and nails

Question 28

Features of reactive arthritis

Answer 28

Infection at a distant site
Mainly viral
Immunological - mediated
several joints at once

Question 29

Septic arthritis

Answer 29

Bacteria localise to joints 
- after trauma
- haematogenous 
-can occur in prosthetic joints post surgery 
- often occurs in one joint 
Staph aureus most common