The Age of Exploration

Question 1

what were the reasons for Europeans to explore

Answer 1

1. the influence of the renaissance
2. the stories of marco polo
3. New trade routes
4. the fall of constantinople ( main route for spice trade)
5. desire for empire
6. spreading christianity

Question 2

who are cartographers

Answer 2

people who draw maps

Question 3

what did portolan charts do

Answer 3

they mapped handouts and coastlines more precisely developed by the portuguese

Question 4

what did a quadrant and an astrolabe do

Answer 4

they helped determine a ship’s latitude by using the position of the stars and the sun

Question 5

what does a compass do

Answer 5

identifies north

Question 6

what did a log and line do

Answer 6

it measures the ships speed in knots. the line had knots evenly spaced out in it and a sailor would hold the line and throw the log overboard and measured the ships speed by how many knots passed through his hand in a given time.

Question 7

where was the ships speed recorded

Answer 7

a logbook

Question 8

what did a line and lead weight do

Answer 8

measured the depth of the water.

Question 9

what was a caravel

Answer 9

a large and sturdy ship which was made to make long voyages and be able to sail in all winds

Question 10

what were naos

Answer 10

bigger versions of caravels

Question 11

describe life on board a ship

Answer 11

• sailors slept on deck
• work included raising sails, steering, cleaning and preparing food
• men were flogged or put in chains for breaking rules
• they would eat flat bread made from water, salt and flour called ships biscuit
• illnesses included typhoid and scurvy

Question 12

what is mutiny

Answer 12

sailors rebelling against their captain

Question 13

what were the symptoms of scurvy

Answer 13

exhaustion, tooth loss, vomiting and death

Question 14

where were the first major voyages of discovery set out from

Answer 14

portugal

Question 15

why did portugal want to travel

Answer 15

to find new trade routes so they could be rich and be protected from powerful neighbors

Question 16

where did the portuguese attack

Answer 16

they attached muslim states in north africa and the african atlantic coast.

Question 17

what did prince henry the navigator do

Answer 17

he set up the school of navigation at Sagres which brought together cartographers, instrument makers , astronomers and experienced sailors

Question 18

why did the portuguese focus on exploring african coat

Answer 18

to find a way around africa to Asia

Question 19

what places did the portuguese discover over the next following decades

Answer 19

the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Cape Verde Islands

Question 20

who was Bartolomeu dias and what did he do

Answer 20

he rounded the southern tip of africa (Cape of Good Hope)

Question 21

what did Vasco de Gama do

Answer 21

he continued sailing up the eastern African coast and sailed from Kenya to Calicut in India

Question 22

what were the results of De Gama proving it possible to sail around africa to reach india

Answer 22

• trade made portugal wealthy
• portugal established a large empire in Africa and Asia
• portugal gained control of the spice trade
• other european rulers wanted to copy portugal’s success by going on heir ownership voyages

Question 23

where was Christopher Columbus born

Answer 23

Genoa in Italy

Question 24

what did Columbus believe

Answer 24

he was convinced the planet was round

Question 25

how did Columbus prepare for his voyage

Answer 25

he convinced King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to give him three ships and two caravels (Nina and Pinta) and a nao (Santa Maria). They also gave him permission to recruit a crew from the port of Palos and in return Columbus would give any lands he discovered for spain

Question 26

when was christopher columbus’ voyage

Answer 26

3 August 1492

Question 27

what did Columbus do to reassure his crew that they had travelled shorter distances than reality.

Answer 27

he kept a fake logbook

Question 28

when did columbus see land

Answer 28

12 October 1492

Question 29

where did columbus reach

Answer 29

he thought he reached India but he actually found America

Question 30

what did Columbus present to king Ferdinand and Isabella when he returned

Answer 30

slaves, exotic fruit, maize, parrots and gold

Question 31

why was Columbus’ role as governed revoked

Answer 31

because he was mistreating the native people

Question 32

what were conquistadors

Answer 32

spanish conquerers

Question 33

what was the capital of the Aztec empire

Answer 33

Tenochtitlan

Question 34

what were aztec weapons made from

Answer 34

wood, stone or copper because they had no iron or steel

Question 35

what did the aztecs eat

Answer 35

they are turkeys, dogs, guinea pigs

Question 36

explain what happened with Hernán Cortés and the Aztecs

Answer 36

cortes landed with 11 ships, 500 soldiers and 13 horses. he burned the ships to show his men there was no turning back. cortes was given a slave girl by local native groups conquered by the aztecs called Malinche who spoke several languages and acted as his translator. she also bore him a son. They went to Tenochtitlan where they were greeted by the Aztec king Montezuma. The Aztecs thought that Cortés was their god Quetzalcoatl who was thought to one day return from overseas. When the spaniards started to steal gold the aztecs protested. The spaniards captured montezuma and tried to rule through him. The Aztecs drove the spaniards out of the city and montezuma was killed. later cortes returned with 100,000 men and laid tenochtitlan under siege for three months. the city fell and people were massacred.

Question 37

who were the Incas

Answer 37

sophisticated engineeers and architects and good artists.

Question 38

explain what happened with Francisco Pizarro and the Incas

Answer 38

he was granted permission by King Charlee V of spain to conquer the Incas. he gathered a small army and invaded the incas. he met the Incan king, Atahualpa in the town of Cajamarca. Pizarro had a priest approach Atahualpa with a bible. the king through the bible aside Pizarro claimed that this was an insult to Christian faith so he ordered his men to attack. They won and captured Atahualpa. The incas offered lots of gold and silver in return for their king. Pizarro accepted the treasure and killed their king anyway. Pizarro defeated the incan armies and declared their empire the Spanish province of New Castile.

Question 39

what is colonization

Answer 39

when a country takes over another territory and settles some of its own people there to control it

Question 40

what were the impacts of colonization on the people in south america

Answer 40

1. the native population was destroyed
2. cultures were destroyed
3. they spread christianity
4. there was a huge growth in the slave trade

Question 41

what was the slavery triangle

Answer 41

ships sailed to african slaving ports and room slaves to America. there they got sugar, tobacco, coffee and cotton and then sailed back to europe with the stuff

Question 42

what was the impact of colonization on Europe

Answer 42

1. other european states were inspired by all the power spain was gaining so they went on there own conquests.
   portugal explored and settled the east coast of South America.
   england set up colonies in north America
   France conquered parts of North America
   the netherlands conquered indonesia
2. conflict between contries
   - spain and portugal went into war over south america, pope pressured them to sign the Treaty of Tordesillas which divided the New world between the two countries
   - britain and spain, france and spain, britain and france
3. huge deposit is of gold and silver were shipped to spain.
4. the columbia exchange took place - the exchange of foods and animals between Europe and America