mm- challenges to biodiversity: urbanistion,invasivespecies,fisheries,agriculture

Question 1

What is a positive to the tillage of soil?
aerates soli
soil loses water storage ability
wets soil before seeding
encourages leaching

Answer 1

aerates the soil

b- this is a negative
c- tillage DRIES soil before seeding
d- this is a negative

Question 2

What is the temperature difference between urban and rural environments

Answer 2

Urban is 1-3 degrees higher than rural

Question 3

features of invasive species?

Answer 3

plasciticty, broad diet, prior successuful invasive history, high dispersal ability, fast growth

Question 4

An animal that is frequently found in sub-urban areas but not dependent on human resources is a:
urban avoider
urban exploiter
urban adapter

Answer 4

urban adapter -

urban exploiters can be dependent on human resources whilst urban avoiders..

Question 5

What is a community defined as?

Answer 5

A naturally occurring group of plants, animals and other organisms interacting in a unique habitat. The complex interactions between species provides an important level of biological diversity.

Question 6

R-k continum

Answer 6

Many organisms are not solely R-selected or K-selected, they have a mix of traits from both extremes.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is not an effect of light pollution?
A Circadian rhythms can be affected
B Nocturnal processes of repair and recovery interrupted
C Decisions to forage at night related to lighting levels
D Light at night tends to favour prey
E Interference with spatial orientation

Answer 7

OPTION D

light favours predators not prey

Question 8

What type of animals are very sensitive to human habitat disturbances?
Urban avoiders
Urban adapters
Urban exploiters

Answer 8

urban avoiders as they willhave to relocate

Question 9

Residential, commercial and other regularly maintained green spaces are examples of?
A Managed vegetation
B Built habitat
C Ruderal vegetation
D Natural remnant vegetation

Answer 9

managed vegetation
but these areas often lack DIVERSITY

> ruderal is abandoned human land

Question 10

which parts of the world have the highest urbanisation
india and central africa
america and australia

Answer 10

the As

as india and central africa are amde up of many rural communities too

Question 11

what are the effects of eutroptcation

Answer 11

cuased by increased run off

leads to famage to marine ecosystems and a delcine in water quality

Question 12

how do bees and urbanisation relate

Answer 12

increaed use of fertilsier = less pollinators

there is a loss of INTRINSIC ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Question 13

what is a syanthrope aka.
urban avoider
urban exploiter
urban adapter

Answer 13

aka urban exploiter - dependent on human resources

Question 14

how does human health compare between urban and rural areas

Answer 14

urban has higher health tha rural- acess to healthcare and sewage
but chronic diseases and slum areas/overcrowed = disproportionate injury and death

Question 15

define invasive species

Answer 15

species introduce to areas outside their native range and cause harm
> outcompete or extinct e.g japanese arrowroot/kudzu used to reduce soil erosion but took over USA

Question 16

what are the 2 major contributors to speices exticntion

Answer 16

habitiat change - often due to human activity

invasive species - outcompete

Question 17

which of these is not an effect of invasive speices
habitiat modification
competition
intriduce pathogens and parasites
carnivory

Answer 17

canivory