ME1 - Widening of the conflict into Lebanon(1982-83), including the role of the PLO Flashcards
What happened on 2 June 1982?
3 Palestinians attempted to assassinate the Israeli Ambassador in London
What did Israel do in retaliation to what happened on 2 June 1982?
Israel invaded Lebanon by claiming that their aim was to stop further attacks by destroying PLO bases and establishing a buffer zone
How long was the buffer zone in South Lebanon?
45 km
What was Operation Peace for Galilee?
- plan to invade Lebanon
- 70,000 troops
- 800 tanks
- 350 fighter jets
What were the effects of Operation Peace for Galilee?
- 300,000 Lebanese lost their homes
- 12,000 deaths
- 40,000 wounded
How did the IDF evict the PLO from Lebanon?
- Israeli forces surrounded the Lebanese capital (Beirut)
Why did Israel want to evict the PLO from Lebanon?
to install Bachir Gemayel as the leader who is pro-Israeli
What happened in late August 1982?
a multinational force from the USA, Italy and France supervised the evacuation of 11,500 Palestinian fighters from Beirut by ship including Yasser Arafat to Tunisia
Where was the PLO’s headquarters now?
Tunis (2400km away from Beirut)
How many PLO terrorists did Ariel Sharon say still remained in the refugee camps?
2000
What was the Sabra and Shatila massacre?
- right-wing Christian Phalange militia stormed the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps in West Beruit
- 3,500 civilians were murdered
Why did the Christian Phalange militia storm the refugee camps?
The group was angry that their newly elected Lebanese president (Bachir Gemayel) had been assassinated
Farms and towns in Galilee were now free from ___ raids and ________
- PLO
- missiles
What were the results of Israel’s invasion of Lebanon? (publicity)
- damaged Israel’s reputation
- due to Israel’s methods (brutal)
- white phosphorus shells had been used
What was the reaction of moderate Israelis to the Shatila and Sabra massacre?
- they turned against the war
- protests including more than 300,000 people
