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operative 1 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What to know when using the tofflemire?

A
  • wider side to occlusal
  • narrower side toward gingival
  • use wedges
  • slot towards gingival
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2
Q

4 components of amalgam and their purpose/%

A

Silver: 40-70%, strength
Tin: 26-30%, decrease expansion
Copper: 2-30%, strengthen, corrosion resist, less creep
Zinc: 0-1%, O2 scavenger during manufacture, less brittle

Mercury: liquid

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3
Q

What is tensile force?

A

tensile refers to pulling force (typically the weakest)

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4
Q

Burs with rounded heads

A

1/4 - 10, 330 to 333, 245

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5
Q

Burs that leave a sharp line angle

A

inverted cone, straight fis (56, 57, 557), Tapered fis (169)

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6
Q

What bacteria are most responsible for caries?

A

-strep mutans

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7
Q

What does strep sanguis and strep mitis cause?

A

associated with healthy oral flora

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8
Q

What does bacteriodes melaningenicus cause?

A

perio disease

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9
Q

What is unsupported enamel?

A

When enamel rods are not supported by sound dentin. Why we diverge and bevel.

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10
Q

Which walls of a buccal pit prep should be converged and which diverged?

A

Converged: mesio-occlusal, disto-occlusal, and gingival
Diverged: NONE

**occlusal most wall of prep should be neither converged nor diverged

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11
Q

What walls in an occlusal prep should be converged vs diverged?

A

Converged: buccal and lingual walls of isthmuses
Diverged: distal and mesial walls of dovetails, termination of buccal and lingual grooves

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12
Q

How much convergence should the buccal and lingual walls of a box be?

A

3-4 degrees

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13
Q

When should you cap a cusp?

A

When the margin exceeds 2/3 the distance between teh groove and the cusp tip

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14
Q

How deep should an occlusal prep be for amalgam?

A

minimum 1.5 mm

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15
Q

How deep should an occlusal prep be for gold?

A

1-2 mm

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16
Q

How deep should an occlusal prep be for porcelain?

A

minimum 2 mm

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17
Q

While the depth of an occlusal amalgam prep should be at least 1.5 mm (for retention and strength of restoration) how deep into the dentin should the prep go?

A

0.2 - 0.5 mm deep into dentin

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18
Q

What is a common defect in class II amalgam restorations?

A

Failure of the margin due to insufficient condensing or too large of an increment

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19
Q

What is plastic deformation?

A

when strain is removed, the shape of the material remains changed

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20
Q

What is elastic deformation?

A

when force is applied to a material, it deforms, but when the force is removed, it retains its original shape

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21
Q

How are plastic deformation and elasticity related?

A

Plastic deformation occurs when the force applied to a material causes strain that is greater than the material’s elastic modulus.

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22
Q

What is the minimum thickness of dentin between the pulp and pulpal floor?

A

2 mm

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23
Q

Amalgam Creep

  • What factors influence it?
  • Correlated to ______ margins.
  • Cu content has what affect?
  • What phase is prone to creep?
A
  • Time, temperature, strain
  • ditched
  • low copper = more creep
  • Gamma 2 Phase
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24
Q

What is the most important factor affecting pulpal response?

A

Closeness of prep to pulp

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25
Q

What kind of caries is fluoride most affective against?

A

smooth surface caries

26
Q

Capping weak cusps when the margin exceeds 2/3 distance between groove and cusp is called a ___________.

A

Resistance form

27
Q

Slightly rounded corners/line angles and a flat floor are examples of ___________.

A

Resistance form

28
Q

Sufficient thickness of a prep/restoration is an example of ____________.

amalgam 1.5+ mm
gold 1-2 mm
porcelain 2 mm

A

Resistance form

29
Q

Bevels that remove unsupported enamel and reduce stress concentrations are examples of _______

A

resistance form

30
Q

Wall length, convergence (for amalgam), and parallelism are examples of __________.

A

Retention form

31
Q

What pH demineralizes enamel?

A

pH 5.5 and below

32
Q

What pH demineralizes dentin?

A

pH 6.5 and below

33
Q

What happens to pH after a sugar exposure?

A

pH remains below 5.5 for 20-60 minutes

34
Q

Where do caries spread/advance most rapidly?

A

root surface because structure is softer there

35
Q

What do sealants do/what caries do they prevent?

A

Fill in pits and fissures (prevent strep mutans from colonizing).

** Once colonized, carious lesion in 6-24 months.**

36
Q

What is the most common form of caries in young patients with permanent dentition?

A

Smooth surface?

37
Q

What are the 3 P’s?

A
  • Posture
  • Positioning
  • Periodic Stretching
38
Q

What is a Class I?

A

occlusal

39
Q

What is a Class II?

A

proximal surfaces of premolars and molars

40
Q

What is a Class III?

A

proximal surfaces of incisors and canines (WITHOUT the incisal edge)

41
Q

What is a Class IV?

A

proximal surfaces of incisors and canines that DO INCLUDE the incisal edge

42
Q

What is a Class V?

A

gingival 1/3 of smooth surfaces

43
Q

What is a Class VI?

A

incisal edge or cusp

44
Q

What are the two salivary enzymes?

A

Amylase: starches

Lingual lipase: lipids

45
Q

What is ptyalin?

A

salivary amylase

46
Q

Are direct pulp caps more successful around pulp horns or along an axial wall?

A

pulp horns

47
Q

When is a Tofflemire matrix band needed?

A

Class 2 restorations

48
Q

When is the Palodent system most useful?

A

small composite restorations

49
Q

Rank the components of amalgam POWDER from greatest to least.

A

Ag > Sn > Cu > Zn

50
Q

What type of force breaks brittle materials most easily?

A

Tensile forces (pulling/tearing)

51
Q

When energy goes into changing the shape of some material and it stays changed, that is said to be ________________.

A

plastic deformation

52
Q

When energy goes into changing the shape of some material and the material goes back to its original form, that is __________________.

A

elastic deformation

53
Q

Mechanical energy is lost whenever an object undergoes ___________________.

A

plastic deformation.

54
Q

What is the difference between a cavity liner, cement, or base>

A

Liner: thinnest
Cement: intermediate
Base: thickest

55
Q

Amalgam is brittle in ______.

A

Small bulk

56
Q

Amalgam has low ______.

A

tensile strength

57
Q

Amalgam has high _______.

A

Compressive strength

58
Q

A lesion extends into the middle 1/3 of enamel. How would you classify it?

A

E2 or RA2

59
Q

A lesion extends into the outer 1/3 of enamel. How would you classify it?

A

D1

60
Q

What can cause aspiration of odontoblasts in dentin tubules?

A

dehydration due to air blasts to exposed dentin

61
Q

Heat build up from high speed hand pieces can cause ___________.

A

dead tracts

operative 1 (2 decks)

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