Luther and Calvin Final

Question 1

Who was Beza

Answer 1

Calvin’s successor

Question 2

Who was Bucer

Answer 2

Sided with Luther and took up his cause of reformation. Bucer was in the delegation from Nurmburg.

Question 3

Who was Bullinger

Answer 3

Wrote the second Helvetic Confession

Question 4

Who was Melanchthon

Answer 4

Friend of Luther. Taught Biblical languages and the University of Wittenberg.

Question 5

Who was Farel

Answer 5

Bucer’s French Colleague who also advocated for a simple aesthetic to worship

Question 6

Who was Sadoleto

Answer 6

The Cardinal to whom Calvin addressed on the issue of Christian Piety.

Question 7

What is the significance of the location Regensburg

Answer 7

Where the Regensburg Colloquy was held to discuss issues such as the human condition before the fall, the freedom of the will, etc….

Question 8

Define Extra-Calvinisticum

Answer 8

The idea that the Logos was not fully contained within the humanity of Christ but, while truly united to it the person of the Mediator, continued also to exist beyond the physical limits of the flesh.

Question 9

Both the Lutherans and the Reformed accept the validity of Baptism in other churches outside of their own communion as long as what two “ifs” go with administration of that baptism from another communion/tradition?

Answer 9

If administered in the correct fashion: with(1) water and (2) in the name of the trinitarian God.

Question 10

In the Small Catechism, what four questions did Luther use to guide children to a proper understanding of the sacrament of baptism as a tool that God uses to deliver his promise of salvation?

Answer 10

1. What is Baptism?
2. What does it do?
3. How is that possible?
4. So What?

Question 11

According to Luther….

1. What makes the baptismal water any different from the water used in an ordinary way?
2. What various kinds of means does Luther note?
3. To which of these means does Luther ad the word “authoritatively”?

Answer 11

1. It is water enclosed in God’s Command and connected with God’s word
2. Human language encountered in Christian Conversation, in sermons and absolution, in hymns and catechisms, and Holy Scripture.
3. Holy Scripture is authoritative to Luther

Question 12

According to Luther…..

1. What is the relationship of the Holy Spirit to baptism?
2. What is the relationship of the Word to baptism?
3. What is the relationship of faith to baptism?

Answer 12

1. The Holy Spirit creates and elicits faith
2. It is on the basis of the word that faith will grow, not of the person’s own doing
3. Luther insisted that the baptismal promise cannot be enjoyed apart from faith.

Question 13

In terms of his medieval inheritance, Luther came to reject….

1. What common aspect of baptismal understanding found amongst many monks and nuns?
2. What baptismal teaching from Thomas Aquinas?
3. What baptismal teaching from Duns Scots?
4. What common medieval belief based on a citation from the Church Father, Jerome?

Answer 13

1. Rejected that the monastic conviction that the monks’ or nuns’ vow brought them onto a steeper but more direct and more certain path to godliness than baptism
2. Rejected Aquinas’ view that baptism’s saving quality had a secret “divine power”.
3. Rejected Scotus’ view that baptism had the power to convey grace which sprang from God’s will alone, apart from his word
4. Rejected Jerome, that penance provides the plank of salvation after the shipwreck of postbaptismal sins.

Question 14

What element of Luther’s initial German baptismal liturgy (and retained in many other Lutheran baptismal liturgies) did the Reformed (whom Kolb calls “Calvinists”) reject? Why?

Answer 14

The Calvinists rejected the minor exorcism in the liturgy because they though it was a remnant of medieval superstition.

Question 15

According to the Reformed, what is the relationship of baptism and grace?

Answer 15

Baptism is a means of grace, not a reaction or response to grace.

Question 16

According to Zwingli….

1. How is baptism related to covenant?
2. What is the relationship of OT circumcision and NT baptism?

Answer 16

To Zwingli both Baptism and circumcision doesn’t save in and of itself. Rather when it is connected to the covenant community, the membership of which was not identical with those who would eventually prove to be true Christians.

Question 17

In terms of sacramental understanding, how does Trueman describe the stance of Calvin vis-à-vis Luther on one side and Zwingli on the other?

Answer 17

Calvin agreed with Luther in saying that God’s action in the sacrament is primary, but Calvin with Zwingli judged that in the sacrament believers made confession of their faith and love before God, angles, and humans.”

Question 18

Even as Calvin stands in basic definitional agreement with the standard view of the sacraments that one finds in a Church Father such as Augustine, what “important generic Reformation Protestant insight” does Trueman say that Calvin emphasizes in his *Calvin’s) definition of a sacrament?

Answer 18

The sacrament is to be understood in connection with the Word of God.

Question 19

What “three specific action: that Calvin discusses when describing that which baptism consists “become standard in the Reformed tradition”?

Answer 19

1. Our sins are forgiven in Christ
2. We are united to Christ for the mortification of indwelling sin and for the newness of life
3. We are united to Christ so as to be partakers in all his benefits

Question 20

What do the Reformed overall see as the relationship of the Holy Spirit and baptism?

Answer 20

Those things that baptism indicates-union with Christ, forgiveness, regeneration-are matters that only the subjective work of the Holy Spirit on the believer can bring into existence.

Question 21

How does Luther describe the Lords supper as found on Page 177?

Answer 21

It is the true body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ under the bread and wind, instituted by Christ himself for us Christians to eat and to drink.

Question 22

How does Luther understand the relation of the “finite” and the “infinite” especially in terms of the “body and blood of Christ” as related to the Lord’s supper.

Answer 22

Luther held that God wrote the rules for all creation. If he decided to offer his body and blood, and with them forgiveness, life and salvation, with or under the bread and wind of the Supper that Christ instituted, that was indeed possible and actually was the way Christ was operating.

Question 23

How does Luther understand the following phrases…

1. manducatio oralis?
2. manductio impiorum?
3. sacramentally present?
4. testament?

Answer 23

1. manducatio oralis: Christ’s body and blood are received through the mouth
2. manductio impiorum: Because God’s Word, not human faith, establishes this presence, false believers-those who do not look to Christ for salvation in faith-also receive Christ’s body and blood albeit to their condemnation.
3. sacramentally present: Christians are the spiritual body of Christ thus he is always present in and with us.
4. testament: The Lord’s supper is a testament that bequeaths truly a great, eternal, and unspeakable treasure, the forgiveness of sins.

Question 24

According to Luther, what does the Lord’s Supper do?

Answer 24

To Luther the Lord’s Supper is Christ’s testament, his promise and much more. It is the bestowal of grace and the forgiveness of sin.

Question 25

According to Zwingli what does the Lord’s Supper do?

Answer 25

The Lords supper is a memorial of Christ

Question 26

According to Calvin, what does the Lord’s Supper do?

Answer 26

Calving offered a view that pushed beyond mere memorialism and stressed the reality of feeding on Christ’s flesh for the Christian life.

Question 27

How did Calvin’s ecclesiastical actions during his first Geneva sojourn (especially in the year 1538) show that the Lord’s Supper “was central to Calvin’s practical ecclesiastic policy?

Answer 27

He refused to distribute the Supper to those he regarded as acting in a sinful manner that led to his expulsion from Geneva. This shows that Claving thought the abibity to stop somone from partaking of the elements was vital to church discipline and was a significant sanction becuase the supper did give something the Word alone did not.