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Clinical Care Year 3 > Nervous > Flashcards

Nervous Flashcards

1
Q

Abbreviated mental test

A 
Age 
Time to nearest hour
Address they remember 
Year 
Name 
Recognise two people 
Date of birth 
Year of ww1 
Name of monarch 
Count down from 20
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2
Q

What is a speech disturbance called and types in it

A

Dysphasia

Receptive - can’t understand
Expressive - can’t express self
Nominal - can’t name it
Conduction - repititon is poor but can follow command

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3
Q

Cranial nerve 1

A

Olfactory
Responsible for smell

Test - smell

Loss = basal skull fracture

Come from forebrain =olfactory bulb

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4
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

Optic

Controls pupil = visual acuity, visual fields

Tests - read something, move finger in from 4 areas,

Comes from forebrain

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5
Q

Cranial nerve 3,4,6

A

Oculomotor controls 4/6 muscles
Trochlear controls superior oblique
Abducens controls lateral rectus

Do H test
If nystagmus something wrong with them
Swinging light test

Originate from brain stem

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6
Q

Where does cranial nerve 3 and 4 originate from

A

Oculomotor and trochelar

Brain stem

Specifically the mid brain

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7
Q

Where does cranial nerve 6 originate from

A

Abducens

Pontine- medulla junction

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8
Q

Cranial nerve 5

A

Trigeminal

Sensation in face
3 branches - ophthalmic
Maxillary.
Mandibular - sensory and motor

Feel areas of face
Feel jaw when clenched any weakness

Originated from pons

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9
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A

Facial
Sensory and motor

Different facial expressions

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10
Q

What is Bell’s palsy

A

When facial nerve is paralysed

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11
Q

8th cranial nerve

A

Vestibulocochlear

Whispering / making sound
Vestibular tested in cerebellum tests

Originates from pontine medulla junction

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12
Q

9 and 10 cranial nerve

A

Glossopharyngeal
Vagus

Soft palate and pharynx
Involved in swallowing

Check uvula is central
Get to swallow

Orginates from medulla oblongata

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13
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A

Accessory

Internal branches join the vagus

Ask patient to shrug turn head against distance

Originate from medulla oblongata

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14
Q

Cranial nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal

Tongue into 4 corners
And
Into cheek

Orginate from medulla oblongata

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15
Q

Cerebellum tests

A 
Gait - walking ability 
Rapid alternating movement 
Arm coordination - finger to nose 
Leg coordination - heel up to leg 
Pronator drift - arms out in front see if they move
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16
Q

Pronator drift go up cause go down cause

A

Up
Motor neurone weakness

Down
Cerebellum disease

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17
Q

Peripheral nervous system tests

A

Assess dermatomes =feeling

Assess myotonia = tone and strength in leg

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18
Q

Myoclonus muscle twitching different types

A

Monoplegia - one arm or leg
Hemiplegia - arm leg on same side of body
Paraplegia - both legs
Quadriplegia - both arms and legs

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19
Q

What is ischemic stroke

A

Where they is a embolism means oxygen can’t get to brain

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20
Q

What is haemorrhagic stroke

A

Is where there is a bleed on the brain

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21
Q

What is TIA

A

Transient they resolve before full infarct but then u are more likely to have a stroke

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22
Q

What is cauda equina

A

Occurs when the nerves are compressed and disrupt motor and sensory function to the lower extremities and bladder

Can lead to incontinence and paralysis

23
Q

Red flags symptoms for cauda equina

A 
Severe lower back pain 
Motor weakness and sensory loss in legs 
Saddle anaesthesia 
Bladder dysfunction 
Bowel in continence 
A loss of reflexes in extremities
24
Q

What is meningitis

A

The inflammation of the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord = the meninges

25
Q

Specific to meningitis

A

Neck stiffness

Photophobia

Non- blanching rash

26
Q

Signs used for meningitis

A

Brundzinkis sign -
Lift patients head towards chest and they will involuntary lift their legs

Kernigs sign
When hip flexed try to turn the knee will cause pain and feel resistance

27
Q

Management for meningitis

A

Oxygen
Fluids
Benzylpencillin

28
Q

Cushing triad is and what it indicates

A

Bradycardia, bradpneoa, widened pulse pressure

=increased ICP

29
Q

Signs of increased icp

A 
Cushing triad 
Non reactive pupils 
Posturing 
Vomiting 
Convulsions

Cheynes stokes breathing

30
Q

Paresis means

A

Weakness of voluntary movement

31
Q

Chorea means

A

Involuntary movements that flow along muscle groups

32
Q

Athetosis means

A

Involuntary slow movements

33
Q

Myoclonus means

A

Brief voluntary contraction

34
Q

Dysarthria means

A

Can’t make words

Slurred speech

35
Q

GCS each part

A

Eye opening
1-4

Verbal response
1-5

Best motor response
1-6

36
Q

What bone does olfactory nerve pass through

Relevant ?

A

Ethmoid bone

A basal skull fracture may present with a loss of smell

37
Q

What is optic nerve path

A

Retina
Optic canal
Sphenoid bone
Nerves then cross over

38
Q

How many muscles does oculomotor control

What does trochlear control

A

4

Superior oblique

Abducens control lateral rectus

39
Q

3 branches of trigeminal nerve

A

Ophthalmic

Maxillary

Mandibular

40
Q

What nerve does labyrinthitis and Ménière’s disease involve

A

Vestibulocochlear

8th cranial nerve

41
Q

Which muscles controlled by accessory nerve

A

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

42
Q

3 layers of meninges

A

Pia mater
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater

43
Q

Neurone made up of

A

Axon, dendrites, cell body

44
Q

Difference between myelinated and non-myelinated neurones

A

Myelinated have Schwann cells which make the impulse faster

45
Q

Where do motor nerves originate

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Basal ganglia

46
Q

Name 2 types of motor neurone

A

Somatic and autonomic

47
Q

What is corpus callosum

A

Mass of nerve fibres
White matter
Connects the two hemispheres

48
Q

How many spinal nerves are there

A 
32 
8 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral 
1 coccygeal
49
Q

How long for the Romberg test

A

20- 30 seconds

50
Q

Tests to assess cerebellum

A 
Romberg 
Gait 
Ram 
Finger to nose 
Pronator drift
51
Q

What would assess for in peripheral nervous system

A

Tone, power, sensation

52
Q

Brudizinkis sign is

A

Involuntary lifting of legs when lift patients head

=meningitis

53
Q

Kernigs sign is

A

Knee flexed to 90
Hip flexed to 99
Extension of knee causes pain

Meningitis

Clinical Care Year 3 (18 decks)

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