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Y2 ENT > Dizziness > Flashcards

Dizziness Flashcards

1
Q

what is dizziness?

A

a non specific term for a feeling of imbalance

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2
Q

what is vertigo?

A

a sensation of movement, usually spinning

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3
Q

what does vertigo lasting seconds suggest?

A

BPPV

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4
Q

what does vertigo lasting hours suggest?

A

meniere’s

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5
Q

what does vertigo lasting days suggest?

A

vestibular neuritis

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6
Q

what does vertigo lasting variable lengths suggest?

A

migraine associated vertigo

aka vestibular migraine

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7
Q

what symptoms, besides vertigo, are often associated with meniere’s disease?

A

hearing loss
tinnitus
aural pressure

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8
Q

what cause of vertigo should be considered if the patient gets dizzy rolling over in bed?

A

BPPV

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9
Q

what cause of vertigo should be considered if the first attack was severe and lasted hours with N+V?

A

vestibular neuritis

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10
Q

what cause of vertigo should be considered if the patient gets light sensitive during dizzy spells?

A

vestibular migraine

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11
Q

what cause of vertigo should be considered if one ear feels full or there is a hearing change when the vertigo comes on?

A

meniere’s disease

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12
Q

what are the five vestibular end organs?

A

ampullae of the semi circular canals (x3)

maculae of the utricle and saccule

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13
Q

what do the semi circular canals sense?

A

rotation

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14
Q

what do the utricle and saccule sense?

A

linear motion (horizontal and vertical)

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15
Q

what test can be done to test the function of the VOR?

A

the head impulse test

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16
Q

what does BPPV stand for?

A

benign positional paroxysmal vertigo

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17
Q

what is the most common cause of vertigo in adults?

A

BPPV

18
Q

what are three possible causes of BPPV?

A

head trauma
ear surgery
idiopathic

19
Q

what is the pathophysiology behind BPPV?

A

otoconia from the utricle displaced into semi-circular canals

20
Q

what semi circular canal is often involved in BPPV?

A

most often the posterior one

21
Q

what are five common triggers of vertigo in BPPV?

A 
looking up 
lying down 
bending forward 
moving head quickly 
rolling over in bed
22
Q

what is the diagnostic test for BPPV?

A

dix hallpike test

23
Q

how is BPPV managed?

A

repositioning manoeuvres

24
Q

name three repositioning manoeuvres that can be done for BPPV

A

epley
semont
brandt daroff

25
Q

what is another name for vestibular neuritis?

A

labyrinthitis

26
Q

what symptoms are associated with vestibular neuritis?

A

tinnitus
hearing loss
may have viral symptoms

27
Q

what is the most likely cause of vestibular neuritis?

A

a virus

28
Q

how is vestibular neuritis managed?

A

supportive - vestibular sedatives and anti-nausea medications

29
Q

what is the cause of meniere’s disease?

A

unknown

30
Q

what is the pathophysiology behind meniere’s disease?

A

endolymphatic hydrops

31
Q

what is endolymphatic hydrops?

A

high pressure in the endolymph system of the inner ear

32
Q

how is meniere’s disease diagnosed?

A

a diagnosis of exclusion

33
Q

how is meniere’s disease managed?

A

supportive during episodes
treat tinnitus
hearing aids

34
Q

how can episodes of meniere’s disease be prevented?

A

salt restriction
minimise caffeine and alcohol intake
manage stress

35
Q

what is the most common auditory symptom in vestibular migraine?

A

phonophobia

36
Q

what is the treatment for vestibular migraine based on?

A

lifestyle modifications

trigger factors

37
Q

what pharmacological treatments can be used for vestibular migraine?

A

abortive agents

prophylaxis

38
Q

what are the abortive agents for vestibular migraine?

A

triptans

39
Q

what drugs can be used as prophylaxis for vestibular migraine?

A

propranolol

amitriptyline

40
Q

what is vestibular schwannoma?

A

a benign tumour of the CN VIII nerve sheath

41
Q

how does vestibular schwannoma present?

A

progressive imbalance
hearing loss
tinnitus

42
Q

how is vestibular schwannoma diagnsoed?

A

MRI

Y2 ENT (24 decks)

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