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GCSE Chemistry - Edexcel > Topic 9 Organic chemistry > Flashcards

Topic 9 Organic chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

1 What two elements are found in hydrocarbons?

A

carbon and hydrogen

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2
Q

2 Most hydrocarbons contain a chain of atoms of which element?

A

carbon

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3
Q

3 These chains of atoms are linked by covalent bonds. What are shared between atoms in a covalent bond?

A

electrons

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4
Q

4 How many atoms are there in the formula C6H12?

A

18

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5
Q

5 What is the formula for carbon dioxide?

A

CO2

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6
Q

6 What is the name of the hydrocarbon gas given off by rotting waste, paddy fields, livestock, and oil and gas exploration?

A

methane

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7
Q

7 In a dot and cross diagram, what do the dots and crosses represent?

A

electrons

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8
Q

8 How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?

A

2

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9
Q

9 What do alkenes contain that alkanes do not?

A

a C=C double bond

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10
Q

10 What term describes any hydrocarbon that contains a C=C double bond?

A

unsaturated

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11
Q

11 What is the name of the molecule with the molecular formula CH4?

A

methane

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12
Q

12 What elements are hydrocarbons made of?

A

hydrogen and carbon

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13
Q

13 Which homologous series do compounds with the general formula CnH2n+2 belong to?

A

alkanes

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14
Q

14 Name the alkane with three carbon atoms.

A

propane

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15
Q

15 Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated molecules?

A

saturated

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16
Q

16 What functional group do alkenes contain?

A

C=C

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17
Q

17 An alkene has 4 carbon atoms. How many hydrogen atoms does it have?

A

8

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18
Q

18 What is the smallest alkene to have an isomer due to the position of its double bond?

A

butene

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19
Q

19 Give the names of two substances that may be produced by incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons but not by complete combustion.

A

carbon monoxide and carbon

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20
Q

20 During combustion, oxidation occurs. What is oxidation?

A

addition of oxygen or loss of electrons

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21
Q

21 Name a natural carbohydrate found in ‘sweet’ foods.

A

e.g. sugar, sucrose, glucose, fructose

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22
Q

22 What elements are found in carbohydrates?

A

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

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23
Q

23 Name an alcoholic drink that can be made from grapes.

A

wine or brandy

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24
Q

24 State the kind of mixture that can be separated by fractional distillation.

A

mixture of liquids

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25
Q

25 State the physical property that allows liquids to be separated by fractional distillation.

A

boiling point

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26
Q

26 Name the changes of state that occur during distillation.

A

evaporation and condensation

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27
Q

27 What name is given to any liquid that has been distilled?

A

distillate

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28
Q

28 Name the biological process used to change carbohydrates into alcohol.

A

fermentation, anaerobic respiration of yeast

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29
Q

29 State the chemical name for the alcohol in alcoholic drinks.

A

ethanol

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30
Q

30 Apart from ethanol, what is the other product of fermentation?

A

carbon dioxide

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31
Q

31 State the chemical name for the alcohol in alcoholic drinks.

A

ethanol

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32
Q

32 Name a food or drink that contains alcohol.

A

any alcoholic drink

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33
Q

33 Apart from alcoholic drinks, name another everyday mixture that contains alcohol.

A

e.g. petrol, aftershave, mouthwash

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34
Q

34 State the name of the process that makes alcohol from sugars.

A

fermentation or yeast anaerobic respiration

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35
Q

35 Name the substance in yeast that change sugars into alcohol.

A

enzymes or zymase

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36
Q

36 Name the gas that is formed when sugars are converted to alcohol.

A

carbon dioxide

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37
Q

37 Describe what happens to an alcohol solution during fractional distillation.

A

the percentage/proportion of alcohol/ethanol in the mixture increases

38
Q

38 State the formula for ethanol.

A

C2H6O or C2H5OH

39
Q

39 State the formula for propanol.

A

C3H8O or C3H7OH

40
Q

40 Name one other alcohol.

A

e.g. methanol, butanol, pentanol or hexanol

41
Q

41 Name the alcohol with 1 carbon atom in it.

A

methanol

42
Q

42 State the formula for propanol.

A

C3H7OH or C3H8O

43
Q

43 State the difference between a propane molecule and a propanol molecule.

A

one oxygen/one OH group

44
Q

44 What group of atoms makes a molecule an alcohol?

A

–OH

45
Q

45 What do you call a group of atoms in a molecule that defines its homologous series?

A

functional group

46
Q

46 State the general formula of alcohols.

A

CnH2n+1OH or CnH2n+2O

47
Q

47 State the formula of the products of complete combustion of butanol.

A

CO2 + H2O

48
Q

48 State the type of reaction that changes ethanol into ethanoic acid.

A

oxidation

49
Q

49 Where is a solution of ethanoic acid commonly found in our homes?

A

vinegar

50
Q

50 State the formula of ethanoic acid.

A

CH3COOH

51
Q

51 What is the molecular formula of ethene?

A

C2H4

52
Q

52 What is the molecular formula of propene?

A

C3H6

53
Q

53 What is the molecular formula of butene?

A

C4H8

54
Q

54 What is the name of the homologous series that contains ethene, propene and butene?

A

alkenes

55
Q

55 What is the general formula of the alkenes?

A

CnH2n

56
Q

56 Are the alkenes saturated or unsaturated?

A

unsaturated

57
Q

57 What type of bond is there between the two carbon atoms in an ethene molecule?

A

double covalent bond

58
Q

58 What colour change is seen when bromine water is shaken with an alkene?

A

orange/brown to colourless

59
Q

59 What type of subunits (monomers) is starch made from?

A

sugar, glucose

60
Q

60 What type of subunits (monomers) are proteins made from?

A

amino acid

61
Q

61 What is the molecular formula of propene?

A

C3H6

62
Q

62 What is the general formula of the alkenes?

A

CnH2n

63
Q

63 What type of polymerisation does ethene undergo?

A

addition polymerisation

64
Q

64 What is the name of the polymer formed from ethene?

A

polyethene

65
Q

65 What is the general name of the small molecules that join together to form a polymer?

A

monomer

66
Q

66 What is the name of the monomers that form DNA?

A

nucleotides

67
Q

67 What is the name of the monomers that form starch?

A

sugars, glucose

68
Q

68 What is the name of the monomers that form proteins?

A

amino acids

69
Q

69 What is the name of the polymer formed from propene?

A

polypropene

70
Q

70 What is the name of the monomer that forms polychloroethene

A

chloroethene

71
Q

71 What is the name of the polymer formed from propene?

A

polypropene

72
Q

72 What is the name of the monomer that forms polyethanol

A

ethenol

73
Q

73 What is the name of the polymer formed from chloroethene?

A

polychloroethene

74
Q

74 What is the name of the monomer that forms polytetrafluoroethene?

A

tetrafluoroethene

75
Q

75 What type of polymerisation do alkenes undergo?

A

addition polymerisation

76
Q

76 Which polymer is used as a non-stick coating on frying pans?

A

polytetrafluoroethene or PTFE

77
Q

77 Which polymer is used to make window frames?

A

polychloroethene or PVC

78
Q

78 Give a property needed by a polymer that is used to cover electrical wires.

A

flexible, insulator

79
Q

79 What is the structural formula of ethanol?

A

C2H5OH or drawn out displayed formula

80
Q

80 What is the structural formula of ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH or drawn out displayed formula

81
Q

81 What is the raw material for obtaining alkenes?

A

crude oil

82
Q

82 Is crude oil renewable or non-renewable?

A

non-renewable

83
Q

83 What type of polymerisation do alkenes undergo?

A

addition polymerisation

84
Q

84 What is the raw material for making addition polymers?

A

crude oil

85
Q

85 Is polyethene) a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer?

A

synthetic

86
Q

86 What is meant by biodegradable?

A

broken down by microorganisms

87
Q

87 Is polyethene) biodegradable or non-biodegradable?

A

non-biodegradable

88
Q

88 Why is it not a good idea to dispose of polyethene) in a landfill site?

A

it remains there for many years, taking up space

89
Q

89 Polymers can be burned to produce energy. What is a disadvantage of burning polymers?

A

may produce toxic, harmful, acidic, greenhouse gases

90
Q

90 Many polymers can be recycled. What has to happen to the polymers before they can be made into a new item?

A

washed, sorted into types, melted

GCSE Chemistry - Edexcel (12 decks)

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