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MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

INGESTION & DIGESTION

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2
Q

allows food to enter the digestive tract

A

INGESTION

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3
Q

2 kinds of digestion process

A

MECHANICAL & CHEMICAL

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4
Q

another word for chewing

A

mastication

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5
Q

what form does the food take when its pushed down the esophagus

A

BOLUS

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6
Q

where does churning takes place

A

stomach

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7
Q

when the food is digested in the stomach it turns into a creamy paste. What is the creamy paste called?

A

CHYME

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8
Q

muscular movement or process of the digestive tract

A

MECHANICAL

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9
Q

involves secretions of enzymes throughout the digestive tract

A

CHEMICAL

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10
Q

third stage of the digestive process

A

secretion

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11
Q

where do the pancreas empty its secretions into the duodenum?

A

through the MAJOR PANCREATIC DUCT in the DUODENAL PAPILLA

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12
Q

another word for the major pancreatic duct

A

DUCT OF WIRSUNG

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13
Q

another word for the duodenal papilla

A

PAPILLA OF VATER

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14
Q

4th stage of the digestive process

A

ABSORPTION

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15
Q

what do proteins break into?

A

amino acids

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16
Q

what do fats break into?

A

fatty acids & glycerol

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17
Q

what do carbs break into?

A

simple sugars

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18
Q

5th process of the digestive system where undigested materials will be released through the rectum and anus by defecation

A

ELIMINATION

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19
Q

Enumerate all the digestive process IN ORDER

A 
INGESTION
DIGESTIONS
SECRETION
ABSORPTION
ELIMINATION
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20
Q

2 kinds of the organs of the DGS

A

Gastrointestinal Tract

Accessory structures

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21
Q

its a series of hollow organs joined in a long twisting tube from mouth to anus

A

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

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22
Q

Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus

A

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

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23
Q

another word for the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

A

ALIMENTARY CANAL

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24
Q

Composed of the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

A

accessory structures

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25
Q

Each of the organs secrete or store substances that pass through ducts into the alimentary canal

A

accessory structures

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26
Q

series of wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

A

PERISTALSIS

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27
Q

a motion in the oral cavity and stomach that allows the GI tract to repeatedly break down food into smaller particles, using mechanical digestion

A

MIXING

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28
Q

regions of the small intestine contracting and relaxing independently, allowing the small intestine to digestive and absorb more efficiently

A

SEGMENTATION

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29
Q

enumerate the muscular movement of the GI TRACT in order

A

PERISTALSIS
MIXING
SEGMENTATION

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30
Q

where the first stage of the digestive system occur

A

MOUTH & ORAL CAVITY

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31
Q

process of transport of food from mouth to stomach

A

DEGLUTITION

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32
Q

Adapted for mechanical digestion in the oral cavity

A

TEETH

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33
Q

4 types of teeth

A

INCISORS, CANINES , PREMOLARS, MOLARS

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34
Q

give the process of each teeth

A

INCISORS (cutting), CANINES (tearing), PREMOLARS (crushing), MOLARS (grinding)

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35
Q

secrete saliva in the oral cavity

A

salivary glands

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36
Q

3 pairs of salivary glands

A

PAROTID, SUBMANDIBULAR, SUBLINGUAL GLAND

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37
Q

Muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach

A

ESOPHAGUS

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38
Q

runs behind the windpipe and heart and in front of the spine

A

ESOPHAGUS

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39
Q

Pouch-like organ primarily designed for food storage (2-4 hrs), some mechanical and chemical digestion also occur

A

STOMACH

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40
Q

what are the 2 sphincters at the both ends of the stomach

A

cardiac & pyloric sphincter

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41
Q

where is the cardiac sphincter located?

A

near esophagus

42
Q

where is the pyloric sphincter located?

A

near small intestine

43
Q

4 regions of the stomach

A

CARDIAC STOMACH, FUNDIC STOMACH, BODY of STOMACH, PYLORIC STOMACH

44
Q

what are the thick folds of the stomach called?

A

RUGAE

45
Q

located in the abdomen and is converting food into fuel for body cells

A

PANCREAS

46
Q

main functions of the pancreas

A

EXOCRINE AND ENDOCRINE

47
Q

Large, meaty organ that sits on the right side of the belly

A

LIVER

48
Q

2 sections of the liver

A

LEFT & RIGHT LOBES

49
Q

main job of the liver

A

to filter the blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the rest of the body.

50
Q

Small pouch that sits just under the liver and stores bile produced by the liver

A

GALLBLADDER

51
Q

Long tube-like organ that connects the stomach and the large intestine.

A

SMALL INTESTINE

52
Q

3 parts of the small intestine

A

DUODENUM, JEJENUM, ILEUM

53
Q

how long is the small intestine

A

20ft

54
Q

absorbs water from the indigestible residue of food

A

LARGE INTESTINE

55
Q

4 parts of the LI

A

ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

56
Q

most common health condition of the mouth and oral cavity

A

dental cavity

57
Q

Form when plaque builds on teeth and bacteria in the plaque combine with sugar to produce enamel-destroying acid that leads to decay

A

DENTAL CAVITIES

58
Q

irritates the soft tissue along the gumline which gradually worsens

A

GINGIVITIS

59
Q

when gingivitis worsen it becomes….

A

PERIODENITIS

60
Q

occur when gums pull away from the teeth forming pockets.

A

PERIODENITIS

61
Q

Clinically known as HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS 1 (HSV-1)

A

ORAL HERPES

62
Q

Serious condition where the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to open up during swallowing which leads to the backup of food within the esophagus.

A

ACHALASIA

63
Q

Occurs when the stomach acid frequently flows back into the tube connecting the mouth and stomach

A

GATROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE (GERD)

64
Q

Condition in which the flat pink lining of the swallowing tube that connects the mouth to the stomach becomes damages by acid reflux, which causes the lining to thicken and become red.

A

BARETT’S ESOPHAGUS

65
Q

veins that are enlarged or swollen.

A

VARICES

66
Q

Varices are veins that are enlarged or swollen.

A

ESOPHAGEAL VARICES

67
Q

Difficulty in swallowing or reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

A

DYSPHAGIA

68
Q

Inflammation, irritations or erosion of the lining of the stomach

A

GASTRITIS

69
Q

2 kinds of gastritis

A

acute and chronic

70
Q

Open sores that develop on the inside lining of the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine

A

PEPTIC ULCER or GASTRIC ULCER

71
Q

Condition that affects the normal spontaneous movement of the muscles in the stomach.

A

GASTROPARESIS

72
Q

 Begins when cancer cells form in the inner lining of the stomach.
 Usually grows slowly over many years

A

GASTRIC CANCER

73
Q

Infection of the stomach and small intestine either due to a virus or bacteria

A

GASTROENTERITIS

74
Q

Narrow opening between the stomach and small intestine

A

PYLORIC STENOSIS

75
Q

Part of the stomach moves upward into the chest cavity through the space (hiatus) in the diaphragm where the esophagus passes through.

A

HIATAL HERNIA

76
Q

Eating gluten triggers an immune response in the small intestine which over time damages the small intestine’s lining and prevents it from absorbing some nutrients.

A

CELIAC DISEASE

77
Q

Inflammation of the small intestine

A

ENTERITIS

78
Q

 Twisting of the intestine

 A loop of intestine twists around itself and the mesentery that supports it, resulting in a bowel obstruction.

A

VOLVULUS

79
Q

 Chronic Inflammation of segments of the intestinal wall, usually in the ileum
 Causes pain, diarrhea, abscess and often formation of an abnormal passageway or FISTULA

A

CROHN’S DISEASE

80
Q

An inflammation of the appendix, a finger shaped pouch that projects from the colon on the lower right side of the abdomen

A

APPENDICITIS

81
Q
  • Digestive condition that causes loose or watery stools

* The bouts are often acute and resolve in a couple of days with no complications

A

CHRONIC DIARRHEA

82
Q

2 Conditions in the large intestine and together they are known as diverticular disease. Both share the common feature of DIVERTICULA where 1 or more pockets or bulges form in the wall of the colon

A

DIVERTICULOSIS & DIVERTICULITIS

83
Q

Serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine.

A

INTUSSUSCEPTION

84
Q

Describes a variety of conditions that occur when blood flow to the intestines decreases due to a blocked blood vessel, usually an artery

A

INTESTINAL ISCHEMIA

85
Q

Inability to control bowel movements causing stool to leak unexpectedly from the rectum.

A

FECAL INCONTINENCE

86
Q

Another term for FECAL INCONTINENCE

A

BOWEL INCONTINENCE

87
Q

Chronic inflammation of the colon

A

COLITIS

88
Q

Cancer that occurs in the colon or rectum

A

COLORECTAL CANCER

89
Q

Continuous inflammation of the lining of the colon and usually the rectum

A

ULCERATIVE COLITIS

90
Q

Inflammatory condition of the liver

A

HEPATITIS

91
Q

occurs when the body make antibodies against the liver tissue

A

AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITS

92
Q

Late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions such as HEPATITS and CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM

A

LIVER CIRRHOSIS

93
Q

accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.

A

ascites

94
Q

accumulation of fluid in the liver

A

LIVER ASCITES

95
Q

Involves the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder

A

CHOLELITHIASIS

96
Q

gallstones in the bile duct

A

CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

97
Q

Another term for choledocholithiasis

A

BILE DUCT STONES

98
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder that occurs most commonly because of cholelithiasis.

A

CHOLECYSTITIS

99
Q

Small, abnormal growth of tissue with a stalk protruding from the lining of the inside of the gallbladder

A

GALLBLADDER POLYP

100
Q

Inflammation of the of the pancreas that may result from alcohol abuse, drug toxicity, bile obstruction, infections and other causes

A

PANCREATITIS

101
Q

Varicose veins in the rectum associated with pain, bleeding and in some cases prolapse of the rectum

A

HEMORRHOIDS

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY (6 decks)

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