nutrition and energy

Question 1

what is the recommended total carbohydrate value in a healthy diet

Answer 1

50% of body’s daily energy needs with less than5% from sugars

Question 2

what is the importance of fats

Answer 2

essential part of structure of all cells
deposited as long term energy storage(under skin and around heart and kidneys)
under skin=insulation
around organs=protect from mechanical damage

Question 3

what is the recommended amount of lipid in a healthy diet

Answer 3

less than 35% of body’s daily energy needs

Question 4

what is the recommended daily intake for protein

Answer 4

0.75g per kg bodyweight per day for healthy adults

Question 5

what is kwashiorkor disease

Answer 5

lack of protein

Question 6

roles of minerals

Answer 6

calcium: making teeth and bones
phosphorus: making teeth and bones, part of many chemicals ex DNA
Na: in body fluids ex blood
Cl :in body fluids ex blood
Mg: making bones, found inside cells
iron: part of Hb in RBCs, helps carry O2

Question 7

roles of vitamins+deficiency

Answer 7

A:making a chemical in retina and protects eye surface
deficiency: night blindness
B1:helps with cell respiration
deficiency: beri-beri
B2:helps with cell respiration
deficiency: poor growth and dry skin
B3:helps with cell respiration
deficiency: pellagra(dry red skin, poor growth and digestive disorders)
C:sticks together cell lining surfaces such as the mouth
deficiency: scurvy
D:helps bones absorb calcium and phosphate

Question 8

describe how energy content of food can be measured

Answer 8

mass of food sample is found
measured vol of 20cm3 water is placed in a boiling tube
tube is supported by stand and clamp
temperature of water is recorded
food is speared on end of mounted needle and held on to a bunsen burner flame until it catches fire
needle is used to hold burning food under boiling tube of water
this is continued,relighting if the flame goes out until the food can no longer burn
thermometer is used to stir gently so heat is evenly distributed and final temp is recorded
energy in joules per gram=
(final temp-initial temp)x20gx4.2/mass of food(g)

Question 9

term for arrangement of animal’s teeth

Answer 9

dentition

Question 10

teeth names and functions

Answer 10

incisors: biting
canines: biting and tearing
molars and pre molars: chewing and crushing

Question 11

hardest substance in body

Answer 11

enamel

Question 12

how does tooth decay occur

Answer 12

bacteria breakdown by anaerobic respiration sugar forming acids which dissolve tooth enamel
acid breaks down dentine underneath and a cavity is formed in the tooth

Question 13

what is periodontal disease

Answer 13

gums become inflamed and sensitive that they bleed when teeth are brushed
can lead to loss of teeth

Question 14

how is BMI calculated

Answer 14

mass in kg/(height in m)(squared)