10.1 Command & Control

Question 1

Explain TENR

Answer 1

Threat, Exposure, Necessity, Response

Question 2

Define threat

Answer 2

Individual, and act, or anything likely to cause harm or potentially hinder police in the performance of their duties

Question 3

Define exposure

Answer 3

Potential for harm to people (physical or otherwise), or the security of places and things

Question 4

Define Necessity

Answer 4

Need to intervene now, later, not at all

Question 5

Define Response

Answer 5

Any response is proportionate and based on assessment of Threat, Exposure and Necessity

Question 6

The response to any situation must be…

Answer 6

• Considered
• Timely
• Proportionate

Question 7

What is Control?

Answer 7

Control refers to the responsibility for coordinating and directing response to an incident. Includes the authority to assign tasks to another agency, coordinate their actions to integrate a wider response.

Control does not include ownership or administration of another agencies resources

Question 8

How is Control applied?

Answer 8

Operates horizontally between response agencies

Question 9

What is Command?

Answer 9

Command is the internal ownership of a response agency; admin, responsibility and direction and direction of that agency as part of the wider response.

NZ Police consider it “the authority that a Commander in NZP lawfully exercises over assigned staff by virtue of rank or assignment”.

It operates vertically within an organisation.

Question 10

What are the three essential elements of Command and Control?

Answer 10

• Leadership
• Decision making
• Control

Question 11

What is a decision log?

Answer 11

A record of key decisions made by the controller/commander

Question 12

What three specific command levels do police conduct duties

Answer 12

1. Tactical
2. Operational
3. Strategic

Question 13

Do all events and incidents at all levels require Commanders

Answer 13

Not for Operational or Strategic levels but all Tactical level events, no matter how minor has a tactical level commander

Question 14

Almost all Policing occurs at what command level?

Provide examples of functions undertaken by a commander at this level (5)

Answer 14

Tactical command level.

1. Command of inner cordon,
2. Command of immediate situation
3. Command of all police and resources within cordons
4. Command within intent provided by operational Commander and Strategic Commander (if one is appointed)
5. Manage interagency coordination at a tactical level

Question 15

When does an operational Command level exist?

What are the functions of Operational level Command (5)

Answer 15

Command level exists where there is:

• multiple tactical level activities
• complexity requires higher level of command

Functions under taken at this level include:

• Command of the overall incident or incidents (including Police response)
• Command over resource distribution to support tactical commanders
• Command the response outside area of tactical deployment e.g. AOS op
• Manage interagency coordination at operational level
• Command response within the strategic Commanders intent

Question 16

When is strategic command level applied.

Provide functions at this level (4)

Answer 16

Applies when the scope, consequence, community or political implications of an event is significant and requires dedicated attention.

Functions include:
- Command overall police response
- Command multiple operational level activites like cross district events
- Command the community consultation response
- Provide liaison between the Operation and Police Executive, government, media and agencies

Question 17

What are the principles of COMMAND & CONTROL (5)

Answer 17

• UNITY of C2. Only one C2 structure at one time
• SPAN of C2. Flexible but between 2-7 direct reports
• CONTINUITY of C2. Not disrupted during transfer of authority
• DELEGATION of C2. Centralisation at C2, decentralisation at execution
• OBLIGATIONS of C2. C2’er responsible for H&S of staff and wider reputation of Police.

Question 18

Explain UNITY of C2

Answer 18

• Only one Control or Command structure
• Controller/Commander responsible for successful outcome of Op
• Has authority to control all police resources committed to operation
• Clear chain of command

Question 19

What is internationally recognised SPAN of control (in direct reports)

Answer 19

2-7, depending on the complexity of the incident or operation

Question 20

In terms of CONTINUITY of C2, what must it be?

Answer 20

Sustainable. This includes a mechanism whereby C2 can delegate tasks and have identified officers as replacements as necessary.
There must be a process to ensure operations are not disrupted or delayed during the transfer of authority

Question 21

What must occur when controllers and commanders are DELEGATED responsibility for their parts of an operation

Answer 21

At all levels Controllers and Commanders should be given the necessary direction and resources to conduct the task without interference

Question 22

What are the OBLIGATIONS of a controller or commander (4)

Answer 22

• Responsible for COMMUNITY safety
• Responsible for health and wellbeing of STAFF
• Responsible for the wider REPUTATION of Police
• They BEHAVE lawfully, ethically and professionally

Question 23

What is an “appreciation”

Answer 23

A process for problem solving and decision making

Question 24

What is the Police “appreciation” format?

Answer 24

AFCO
- Aim
- Factors
- Course of Action
- Outline plan

Question 25

Where is the AIM derived from? How is it written?

Answer 25

Guidance or intent set from higher control or command level. If no higher level of commander is appointed, the commander of the Police response must determine the AIM. Generally starts 'To' will outline 'what' of the operation can include 'how, when, why or where'

Question 26

What is a "factor"?

Answer 26

A factor is the circumstance, facts or influences which might impact on the conduct of the operation

Question 27

What factors should always be considered? (14)

Answer 27

1. Ground (terrain and location) 2. Time and space (changes to scene ie school finishing, peak traffic, tide) 3. Weather (forecast; winds etc) 4. Risk (TENR, to staff, public, offenders, reputation) 5. Legislation (power to act/arrest) 6. Budget 7. Media 8. Political considerations 9. Police role (why are we here?) 10. Log (planning phase log, event log, decision log) 11. H&S 12. Intelligence 13. Community impact assessment (affective Trust & Confidence) 14. Offenders (most likely course & most dangerous course of action)

Question 28

What three headings should be in an outline plan?

Answer 28

SME - Situation - Mission - Execution

Question 29

What is an action plan?

Answer 29

Referred to in CIMS as an Action plan, also known as an operation order. Details desired outcome, key tasks for management of an incident, and the measures that will be taken to achieve outcome.

Question 30

What is the duration of an Action Plan

Answer 30

For an operational period defined by the controller, which allows sufficient time for the plans objectives to be achieved

Question 31

When are new action plans developed (3)

Answer 31

- Objectives in original plan achieved - Significant situation change where original objectives can't be met - Objectives changed by controller

Question 32

What are the principles of an operation order/action plan?

Answer 32

OP orders should be written, and must be Clear and Simple, as Accurate as possible and clearly Capable of Execution

Question 33

What is the format for Op orders?

Answer 33

GSMEAC - Ground - Situation - Mission - Execution - Administration and Logistics - Command and Signals

Question 34

How many sentences make up the mission statement?

Answer 34

One (and it should start with "To...")

Question 35

Who must be named in Command and Signals?

Answer 35

Controller and 2IC

Question 36

How must operation orders be presented?

Answer 36

In a formal Orders Group (or O Group) by the Controller

Question 37

How must orders be given?

Answer 37

Directly to the person receiving them

Question 38

How should questions be handled?

Answer 38

In an allotted questions time, specifically from each recipient (no general Q's)

Question 39

What is the NCCC and MOC.

Answer 39

National Command and Control Centre and Major Operations Centre, both located at PNHQ. Where an incident or emergency requires higher level of C2, or the management of inter district support, they may take responsibility for coordinating all significant or national and international operations NCCC operates 24/7 MOC activated depending on level of support required

Question 40

What is RIOD (3)?

Answer 40

- Real time intelligence for operational deployment emergency management system which is used to support and command operations across the police. - It provides a common operating picture based on a 'single source of truth' to enhance situation awareness, and facilitate planning and collaboration - Used to provide common platform linking Intel, Ops and deployment to enable police to be well informed, well planned and well directed

Question 41

Who fills role of initial command of incident reported to the ECC?

Answer 41

ECC Shift Commander

Question 42

What must be considered before control is transferred to field units (3)

Answer 42

1. Early stages Comms is usually best equipped to control the response 2. Highest ranking person is not always the most appropriate to take control 3. Designated incident controller is not to take over until: - establish ICP - familiarised with incident, obtain a briefing - formulate a response plan

Question 43

What is the standard sequence of info provided by dispatcher once event location and type has been determined (6)

Answer 43

1. Summary of incident including weapons (headline) 2. Time delay 3. Direction of travel 4. Mode of travel 5. Description of offender/vehs 6. Additional relevant info (hazards/weapons etc)