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101 exam 2 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

nutrients

A

supply the body with necessary elements

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2
Q

essential nutrients

A 
water
electrolytes
minerals 
vitamins
and proteins
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3
Q

daily calorie intake

A

2800 men

2000 women

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4
Q

macronutrients

A

carbohydrates
protein
fats

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5
Q

carbohydrates

A

main energy source

55-60%

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6
Q

protein

A

essential in growth and repair of tissues
10 essential amino acids
a complete protein food has all ten(usually animal foods)
12-20%

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7
Q

fats

A

main source of fatty acids
essential for growth and development
25-30%

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8
Q

micronutrients

A

vitamins and minerals

calcium and iron

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9
Q

metabolism

A

process of producing or using energy within body cells
fueled by nutrients
thyroids play a crucial role

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10
Q

ways energy used int the body

A

to maintain essential life processes

to support non-essential life activitites

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11
Q

basal metabolism rate(BMR)

A

the amount of energy required for essential life processes

measured when the body is at rest

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12
Q

anabolism

A 
cell building
excess stored as fat
excess fat = weigh gain
BMI
normal BMI 18.5-24.9
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13
Q

catabolism

A

breaking down tissue and cells

necessary source of constant energy

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14
Q

ingestion

A

nutrients taken into GI tract

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15
Q

digestion

A

breakdown nutrients to be absorbed
begins in mouth
continues in stomach

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16
Q

absorption

A

food passes from GI to blood

nutrients absorbed in the small intestine

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17
Q

transport

A

movement of nutrients across cell membrane

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18
Q

metabolism

A

final process of nutrition

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19
Q

skin

A

physical barrier

protects underlying tissue

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20
Q

skin layers

A

epidermis
dermis
subcutaneous

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21
Q

pressure sore

A

skin deprived of oxygen

4 stages

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22
Q

stage 1

A

redness not relieved by massage

warm to touch

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23
Q

stage 2

A

epidermis loss

can heal okay if no vessel damage

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24
Q

stage 3

A

full thickness skin loss
longer healing
needs to regranulate

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25
stage 4
deep into tissue muscle and bone longer healing may need debrement
26
stage 2 wound
heal by primary intention minimal tissue loss epidermis damaged
27
stage 3 or 4 wounds
heal by secondary intention all three layers of skin damaged tissue regeneration necessary
28
granulation tissue
inflammation tissue production remodeling
29
factors affecting wound healing
``` nutritional status oxygen supply age diabetes medications infection ```
30
signs and symptoms of impaired wound healing
increased redness and swelling pus formation wound color change decreased granulation
31
lymph nodes
act as filters of lymph fluid | examined by palpatation
32
lymphadenitis
inflammatiopn of lymph nodes | painful
33
lymphangitis
inflammation along the course of the vessel
34
lymphedema
tissue swelling
35
exopthalmus or hyperthyroidism
weakness diaphoresis weigh loss increased appetite
36
myxedema or hypothyroidism
``` decreased cardiac output fatigu weight gain decreased appetite facial edema cold tolerence ```
37
nutrition and metabolic
deficiencies may explain other problem fluid intake is important skin is 1st line of defense
38
diabetes
chronic infection with ulcerations | yeast infections
39
liver
jaundice edema ascites
40
renal
pallor platelet dysfunction jaundice edema
41
impaired O2
``` pallor cyanosis flushing cold clammy ```
42
peripheral vascular disease
pale mottling necrosis cold
43
cognition
``` the process of knowing intellectual function learning motivation thinking ```
44
perception
the process of acquiring information using senses meaningful interpretation
45
Goals of assessment
LOC Orientation Memory Judgement
46
Level of consciousness LOC
``` Fully awake Alert Lethargic Obtunded Stuporous semi comatose Comatose ```
47
Fully awake
Highest level
48
Alert
Awake and oriented | Responds to verbal commands
49
Lethargic
Not fully alert Arousable Loses train of thought
50
Obtunded
Sleeps most of the time | More rigorous stimulation to arouse
51
Stuporous semicomatose
UnConscious most of the time Strong stimuli to aroyse pain Rarely awake
52
Comatose
Unable to arouse with painful stimulus | If no reflexes in deep coma
53
Neurologist assessment
``` LOC Orientation Pupils strength Sensational Babinski reflex ```
54
Orientation
Person Place Time
55
Pupils
Size, shape | PERRLA
56
PERRLA
Pupils equal Round React to light Accommodation
57
Accommodation
Pupils constrict as object comes closer
58
Pain
Subjective Pain threshold Pain tolerance
59
Acute pain
Significant Severe Recent onset Damage has occurred
60
Chronic pain
Constant | Poorly defined
61
Glasgow coma scale
``` Used for assessing LOC Cerebral dysfunction Eye opening Motor and verbal response lower the number more severe the injury ```
62
what to assess in skin assessment
``` color turgor moisture temperature rashes,bruises, or scars piercings or tatoos edema nails ```
63
color
consistent with race and all over body
64
normal turgor
moves easily and returns to place
65
abnormal turgor
skin slowly returns back to normal | may be from dehydration
66
normal moisture
skin normally dry
67
abnormal moisture
excessive sweating or diaphoresis
68
normal temp
warm all over | hands and feet may be cold
69
abnormal temp
cool or cold
70
normal edema
no indentation and skin rebounds
71
abnormal edema
pit or indentation | scale of 1-4
72
normal cap refill
3 secs or less
73
abnormal cap refill
greater than 3 secs
74
thyroid gland
largest endocrine gland controls metabolic rate secretes T3, T4 and calcitonin
75
T3
increases BMR with increased O2 consumption stimulates metabolism of essential nutrients promotes human growth
76
T4
same as T3 | secreted ijn greater amounts
77
calcintonin
calcium metabolism
78
braden risk scale
measures patients risk for developing a pressure sore do assessment and comes up with a number The lower the number the greater the risk.

101 exam 2 (1 decks)

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