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2nd Year - Microbiology > 1.01 - Immunology > Flashcards

1.01 - Immunology Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

What organ is the largest lymphoid organ that is also referred as the graveyard of blood cells?

A

Spleen

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2
Q

Tears have ___ which is a chemical that can degrade peptidoglycan layer present in bacterial cell walls

A

Lysozyme

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3
Q

Epithelial barriers, phagocytes, complement, and NK cells are the components of ____ kind of immunity

A

Innate immunity

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4
Q

B lymphocytes producing antibodies, and T lymphocytes producing effector T cells are components of the ___ kind of immunity

A

Adaptive/acquired, specific immunity

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5
Q

Describe mechanism of immune evasion by pneumococcus

A

Capsular polysaccharide of the organism inhibits phagocytosis

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6
Q

Describe mechanism of immune evasion by staphylococci

A

Staphylococci produces catalase which breaks down reactive oxygen intermediates, therefore resists phagocytosis

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7
Q

Describe mechanism of immune evasion by neisseria meningitides

A

resists complement activation by expressing sialic acid which inhibits C3 and C5 convertases

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8
Q

Describe mechanism of immune evasion by streptococcus

A

M protein blocks C3 binding to organism, and C3b binding to complement receptors

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9
Q

Describe mechanism of immune evasion by Pseudomonas

A

resists antimicrobial peptide antibiotics by synthesizing modified LPS that resists action of antibiotics

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10
Q

Enumerate antigen-presenting cells

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, follicular dendritic cells

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11
Q

Name the interleukin that is also the Lymphocyte Activating Factor

A

IL1

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12
Q

Name the interleukin that is a T-Cell Growth Factor. It activates cytotoxic cells, NK cells, LAK cells

A

IL2

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13
Q

Name the interleukin that is also IFN beta 2. It induces secretions of Ig and other plasma proteins

A

IL6

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14
Q

Name the interleukins that are produced by activated T cells to stimulate proliferation of B cells

A

IL4 and IL5

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15
Q

Give the function and source of IFN-y

A

Function: activation of macrophages, and stimulates some antibody responses

Source: NK cells, T lymphocytes

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16
Q

___ are incomplete antigen that needs a carrier protein to become immunogenic

A

Haptens

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17
Q

Classification of Antigens:

Antigen stimulates the production of autoantibodies

A

Autologous or AutoAg

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18
Q

Classification of Antigens:

Antigen with and antibody that is specific for that antigen

A

Homologous

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19
Q

Classification of Antigens:

Antigen that reacts with an antibody other tan the one it induced

A

Heterologous

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20
Q

Antibody which can cross the placenta; major Ig in secondary immune response

A

IgG

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21
Q

Antibody which is predominant Ig in secretions, contains a J chain

A

IgA

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22
Q

Antibody which is the predominant Ig in primary immune response and has J chain

A

IgM

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23
Q

Antibody which is involved in B cell activation and also heat and acid labile

A

IgD

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24
Q

Antibody which is associated with immediate hypersensitivity, binds basophils and mad cells, and elevated during parasitic infections

A

IgE

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25
Only antibody that readily crosses the placenta, and thus, is most abundant in newborns
IgG
26
Give location of MHC in the genome
Located on the short arm (p-arm) of chromosome 6
27
Enumerate mechanisms of complement protein destruction
Heat inactivation (56 degree celsius for 30 minutes, or 60-62 degree councils for 5-10 minutes) Anti-coagulant (makes Ca unavailable; Ca holds C1 together) Neormal serum inhibitor Prolonged storage
28
Forms the C3 convertase
C4b2a
29
Forms the c5 convertase
C4b2a3b
30
Complement regulation: __ cleaves C3b and C4b
Factor I
31
Complement regulation: __ competes for factor B, regulator of alternative pathway
Factor H
32
Complement regulation: ___ acts as a cofactor with I to inactivate C4b
C4 binding protein
33
Complement regulation: ___ prevents attachment of the C5b67 complex to cell membrane
S protein (vitronectin)
34
Complement regulation: ___ accelerates dissociation of C3 convertase
Decay accelerating factor (DAF or CD 55)
35
Deficiency of C1, C2, C3, C4 produce ___
Lupus Erythematous-like syndrome, with severe recurrent infections
36
Deficiency of C5, C6, C7, C8 produce
Neisseria Syndrom
37
Deficiency of C1INH produce
Hereditary angioedema (HANE)
38
Deficiency of DAF and HRF
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
39
Deficiency of Factor H or I produce
Recurrent bacterial infections
40
Enumerate and describe the 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions
Type I: Immediate hypersensitivity; IgE-mediated; Ag induces cross linking of IgE to mast cells, releasing vasoactive mediators (Histamine, Prostaglandins, and Leukotrienes) Type II: Antibody-mediatic cytotoxic hypersensitivity, cell destruction Type III: immune complex mediated hypersensitivity. Ag-Ab complexes deposited at various sites induces mast cell degranulation Type IV: Cell-mediated (delayed type) hypersensitivity
41
SLE expresses itself as ___
VASCULITIS Arthritis Skin Lesions: butterfly rash/red wolf (rash across nose and cheeks; Malar rash)
42
Most striking laboratory feature of LE
Presence of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies (ANA)
43
___ is a T lymphocyte disorder where thymus gland is underdeveloped
DiGeorge
44
___ is a B lymphocyte disorder where there is a lack of antibodies, specifically IgG
X-Linked agamma glbulinemia
45
A phagocytic disorder where there are toxic granulations found in WBC which results to a higher risk of acquiring infection; patient presents with albinism
Chediak Higashi
46
A phagocytic disorder where there is defective mobility of phagocytes; random movement is normal, but directional motility is impaired
Job's syndrome
47
A phagocytic disorder where both random and directed movement of phagocytes are defective
Lazy Leukocyte syndrome
48
What type of immunity is primarily concerned with extracellular microbes. (Choices: humoral or cell-mediated immunity)
Humoral immunity
49
Cell-mediated immunity is concerned with killing of ___ microbes. (Choices: extracellular or intracellular)
Intracellular, usually viruses
50
Helper T cells have __ receptors on their surfaces which are the primary targets in an HIV attack
CD4+
51
Cytotoxic T cells have __ receptors on their surfaces
CD8+
52
Enumerate the different types of lymphocytes
B lymphocytes Helper T lymphocytes Cytolytic T lymphocytes Natural killer cells
53
Which type of lymphocytes has the following functions: - neutralization of microbes - phagocytosis - complement activation
B Lymphocytes
54
Which type of lymphocytes has the following functions: - activation of macrophages - inflammation - activation of T and B lymphocytes
Helper T lymphocytes
55
Which type of lymphocytes has the following functions: | - killing of infected cells
Cytolytic T lymphocytes | Natural killer cells
56
Which group of interleukins is also known as the lymphocyte activating factor
IL1
57
Which group of interleukins is produced by activated T cells to stimulate proliferation of B cells
IL4 and IL5
58
Which group of interleukins is also known as IFN beta 2 and induces secretion of Ig and other plasma protein
Which group of interleukins is also the NK stimulating factor
59
__ are incomplete antigens that need a carrier protein to become immunogenic or active
Haptens
60
Region of the Ig molecule that binds with the complement and initiates the complement pathway
CH2
61
Region of the Ig molecule which is responsible for specificity; also the antigen binding site
Variable region
62
Class I MHC is recognized by __
CD8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes
63
Class II MHC is recognized by ___
CD4+ helper T cells
64
Which component of the complement system has the highest concentration and serves as a tool in measuring complement function
c3
65
What is the most striking feature in laboratory studies of patients with SLE
Anti-nuclear antibodies
66
What is the lab finding found in scleroderma selective for the crest variant of scleroderma
Anti-centromere antibody

2nd Year - Microbiology (7 decks)

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