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PHYSIOLOGY > 2nd semester: Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

2nd semester: Pituitary Gland Flashcards

Anterior & Posterior Gland

1
Q

somatomedin is produced and secreted by the

A

hepatocytes

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2
Q

acidophilic cells of adenophypophysis secrete

A

growth hormone

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3
Q

Decreased activity of acidophilic cells of the adenohypophysis after puberty could lead to

A

(?)

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4
Q

Action of growth hormone mediated by IGF-1

A

increased protein synthesis

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5
Q

Hypoglycemia will

A

increase GH secretion

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6
Q

GH secretion is under this control mechanism

A

Endocrine axis driven negative feedback

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7
Q

Post pubertal GH deficiency is

A

Is pathological because of the absence of metabolic effects of GH

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8
Q

Albinism is due to abnormal decrease in the

A

Amount of melanin secreting cells

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9
Q

The anterior pituitary gland is

A

made up mostly of the pars distalis

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10
Q

The sensitivity of the uterine musculature to Oxytocin is enhance by and inhibited by

A

Estrogen;progesterone

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11
Q

The cell which secretes ADH and Oxytocin are

A

Nerve cells which are collectively known as magnocellular cells

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12
Q

From their identical amino acid sequence, which of these pairs of amino acids will differentiate ADH and Oxytocin

A

Phe-Arg and Ile-leu

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13
Q

structure in the CNS synthesize ADH

A

Supraoptic nuclei

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14
Q

Regulation of ADH secretion is primarily controlled by

A

Increase in the osmolarity of the ECF

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15
Q

ADH cause reabsorption of water in the DCT and CD via the

A

V2 receptors

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16
Q

The vasoconstricting effect o ADH will supervene over its effect on reabsorption of water in response to hyperosmolality when
blood volume is decreased by

A

Less than 8%

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17
Q

SIADH is characterized by

A

Dilutional hyponatremia, fluid overload

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18
Q

The mechanism that facilitates the reabsorption of water at the DCT and CD is thru

A

Second messenger system with activation of cAMP

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19
Q

The secretory mechanism by which ADH and oxytocin is released from the secretory granule is thru____.

A

Exocytosis

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20
Q

In vasopressin, this amino acid is replaced by isoleucine in oxytocin

A

Phenylalanine

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21
Q

factors would stimulate release of ADH

A

Decreased blood volume

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22
Q

MRS. Hokkaido consulted in your clinic asking why it is every time she hears her baby cry, she may experience milk ejection from the
nipples even before the baby is placed to the breast. What is the explanation for this?

A

The sound of the hungry baby’s cry elicits secretion of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary, which reaches the breast and
causes contraction of the myoepithelial cells.

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23
Q

The master gland of the body regulates activity of which of the following endocrine organ

A

Ovary

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24
Q

A hyperfunctioning pituitary gland tumor will most likely secrete which of the following

A

Growth hormone (GH)

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25
Q

Hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland directly affecting the target organs

A

Prolactin

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26
Q

Adenohypophysis helps regulate all of the following EXCEPT

A

Temperature

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27
Q

following is expected in a patient with Central Diabetes Insipidus

A

LOW ADH → High urine volume → Low plasma volume → High plasma tonicity

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28
Q

Patient with Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) will immediately manifest

A

High plasma volume

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29
Q

Dextrose 5% Lactated Ringer’s Solution (D5%LRS) was infused to a well patient in the hospital. Which of the following will happen in this
patient?

A

High plasma volume → High plasma tonicity → High ADH

30
Q

The most potent stimulus to vasopressin secretion is

A

High plasma tonicity

31
Q

basis of ADH release?

A

Serum Pitressin 2

32
Q

Stimulus to oxytocin release

A

Cervical stretch

33
Q

Amino acid composition of Oxytocin

A

Isoleucine

34
Q

ADH secretion is inhibited by

A

Cortisol

35
Q

In Nephrogenic type of diabetes insipidus there is

A

A congenital defect of the vasopressin receptor

36
Q

In the regulation of ADH secretion

A

Osmotic control is the primary control

37
Q

This inhibitor inhibits the synthesis of oxytocin receptors

A

Progesterone

38
Q

Initiates milk ejection “let-down”

A

Oxytocin, Psychic stimuli

39
Q

the major term of controller of growth hormone secretion

A

State of nutrition

40
Q

What is the long effect of TSH when it binds with TSH receptor

A

It increases the number of follicular cells

41
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation due to an elevated circulating ACTH is mediated by its binding to

A

MCR 1 causing an increase in melanin synthesis

42
Q

The ff statements correctly describes prolactin EXCEPT

A

Physiologic effects happen when it binds with a G protein linked receptor

43
Q

The statement best describes FSH

A

It is primarily secreted when there is lower frequency of GnRH pulses

44
Q

The anterior Pituitary gland secretes hormones that regulate the endocrine function of the ff glands EXCEPT

A

Adrenal medulla

45
Q

physiologic actions of growth hormone is mediated by JGF-1

A

↑ Chon-synthesis

46
Q

Which anterior Pituitary hormone plays a major role in the regulation of nonendocrine target gland

A

Prolactin

47
Q

Prolactin secretion is decreased by

A

↓ estrogen after delivery of the fetus and placenta

48
Q

Basis for AVP regulated water permeability

A

Aquaporin 2

49
Q

can increase AVP release

A

Tuberculosis

50
Q

Osmoreceptors are found at

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

Carrier protein for Oxytocin

A

Neurophysin 1

52
Q

A large percentage of endocrine cells in the adenohypophysis are

A

Acidophilic - Somatotropes

53
Q

Dwarfism is never expected in cases of decreased production/secretion of

A

GH after puberty

54
Q

This hormone has the ability to stimulate activity of melanocytes (skin)

A

ACTH

55
Q

In mild cases of hypopituitarism, there is deficiency of

A

Gonadotropins

56
Q

Non-endocrine problem which could lead to dwarfism

A

Achondroplasia

57
Q

In cases of pituitary acidophilic tumor that grows upward, it could compress or damage cranial nerve

A

3

58
Q

The long-term effect of ACTH

A

Hypertrophy of adrenal cortex

59
Q

Skin hyperpigmentation due to an elevated circulating ACTH is mediated by its binding

A

MCR 1 causing an increase in melanin synthesis

60
Q

If the blood supply from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland is completely interrupted, secretion of

A

Prolactin increases

61
Q

What is the intermediate effect of TSH when it binds with TSH receptor

A

It increases the activity of NIS.

62
Q

In mild hypopituitarism, the secretion of which of

A

FSH

63
Q

ADH secretion is increased by

A

increased ECF osmolality

64
Q

Hyperglycemia caused by growth hormone is primarily due to

A

Decreased peripheral glucose uptake

65
Q

Amino acid composition of oxytocin

A

Isoleucine

66
Q

Secrete proopiomelanocortin

A

Corticotrophs

67
Q

Long term effect of TSH on the thyroid gland

A

Increases number of thyroid cells

68
Q

The highest secretion of growth hormone is observed during/In

A

Puberty

69
Q

Patients with central diabetes insipidus would present which of the following

A

Polyuria

70
Q

Which one of the following hormones is secreted mainly by the supraopitic nucleus of the hypothalamus

A

Arginine

71
Q

In the posterior pituitary, the hormones are stored and released from the

A

Pituicytes

PHYSIOLOGY (27 decks)

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