minerals

Question 1

calcium (function)

Answer 1

teeth and bones, blood coagulation and nerve/muscle function, milk and egg production

Question 2

calcium (deficiency and sources)

Answer 2

deficiency: retarded growth, deformed bones (rickets), soft-shelled eggs, osteoporosis
sources: oyster shells, milk, limestone

Question 3

Sodium chloride (function)

Answer 3

required for formation, retention, concentration, and ph of body fluid
formation of digestive juices
nerve/muscle activity

Question 4

sodium chloride (deficiency and sources)

Answer 4

Deficiency: dehydration, alkalosis, poor condition and appetite, most foods are deficient

sources: salt supplements, injection

Question 5

Phosphorus (function)

Answer 5

bones and teeth
body fluids formation
metabolism
reproduction
cell respiration

Question 6

phosphorus ( deficiency and sources)

Answer 6

deficiency:same as calcium, poor appetite and reproduction and un thrifty appearance

sources: mono and di- calcium phosphates
bone meal and low flourine phosphates

Question 7

magnesium ( function)

Answer 7

similar to calcium and phosphorus

Question 8

magnesium ( source and deficiency)

Answer 8

deficiency: irritability, irregular heartbeat, severe kidney damage

sources: mineral supplements
ordinary feed

Question 9

manganese (function)

Answer 9

fetal development
udder development
milk production
skeletal development

Question 10

manganese ( D and S)

Answer 10

D: abortions, reduced fertility, deformed young, poor growth

S: trace mineralized salt

Question 11

Copper (F)

Answer 11

iron utilization
hemoglobin formation
synthesis of keratin

Question 12

copper (D and S)

Answer 12

D: poor pigmentation (feathers), stringy wool, lack of muscle coordination, anemia

S: forages and copper salts

Question 13

iron (Function)

Answer 13

function for all organs and tissues ( hemoglobin)

Question 14

Iron (d and S)

Answer 14

D: seldom in old animals
nutritional anemia, labored breathing, pale eyelids, ears and nose

S;Bone/fish meal
forrage
trace or copper minerals

Question 15

Cobalt (F)

Answer 15

nutrient for rumen microbes
aids in rumen synthesis of b12
pigs are supplemented because they can not produce B12 from cobalt

Question 16

Cobalt (D and S)

Answer 16

lack of appetite, loss of weight, rough hair, anemia, decrease milk and wool production, death in extreme cases

source: legume forages and salt containing cobalt

Question 17

selenium and vitamin E in cattle

Answer 17

complementary but independent antioxidants
vitamin E turns PUFA’s into SFA’s for rumen absorption
vitamin E supplemented (or occur in forage crops)

Question 18

selenium deficiency

Answer 18

infertility 
mastitis 
retain placenta
abnormal calving
milk fever

Question 19

white muscle disease (sub-acute muscular dystrophy)

Answer 19

occurs when selenium is deficient in calves
10 to 40% die
stand and move stiffly or be reluctant to move
swollen and firm muscles

Question 20

acute muscle dystrophy

Answer 20

calve is dull
respiratory distress
elevated heart rate
dies within 6-18 hours

Question 21

minerals classed as electrolytes

Answer 21

sodium (Na)
Potassium (K)
chloride (Cl)
calcium (Ca)
magnesium (Mg)