Crude Oil/ Hydrocarbons/ Combustion/Cracking Flashcards
where is crude oil found
finite source found in rocks; made of remind of decayed organisms
what is crude oil
mixture of large number of compounds such as hydrocarbons
what are hydrocarbons
molecules made of hydrogen and carbon atoms with covalent bonds between ions, usually single bond alkanes
give two properties of alkanes
single bonds
saturated hydrocarbons
what is the formula for alkanes
Cn H2n+2
what are the first four members of alkanes in order of smallest carbon chain to longest
methane (1) ethane (2) propane (3) butane(4)
draw propane
H H H
| | |
H—C—C—C—H
| | |
H H Hhow is crude oil separated
fractional distillation
what happens during fractional distillation (4)
crude oil is heated at bottom of tower
hydrocarbons evaporate/ vaporise
gases rise up fd tower
gasses condense back into liquids at diff temps bc diff boiling points
give 3 properties of a long hydrocarbon chain
very viscous/ thick
high bp
low flammability
give 3 properties of small hydrocarbon chains
not very viscous
low bp
high flammability
what is produced from fractional distillation
fuels eg petrol
feedstock eg solvents/ lubricants
what is combustion of a fuel
when fuel reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water; car gun and hydrogen in fuel are oxidised
general equation for combustion of hydrocarbons
fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
how to balance combustion of hydrocarbons equation (3)
take number after C and put in front of carbon dioxide
divide number after H by 2 and put in front of H2o
balance oxygen
