Imaging Lecture 6

Question 1

What is the normal location that kidneys are found in the dog?

Answer 1

• Found T13 to L4

Question 2

What is the normal size of kidneys on a dog?

Answer 2

• Length - 2.5 to 3.5 x length of L2
• Width - 2x L2

** only validated on the VD but we use them for all views

Question 3

What are the normal kidney sizes in a cat and where are they found?

Answer 3

• Normally found between L1 to L5
• The length is 2.4 to 3x length of L2 on VD projection
• Width is 3 to 3.5 cm

Question 4

What is the main abnormality in the kidneys shown below and provide some?

Answer 4

Small kidneys - in this case (chronic renal disease):

Ddx:

• Infectious (pyelonephritis)
• Inflammatory (glomerulonephritis)
• Degenerative (end stage kidneys)
• Vascular infarcts

Question 5

Provide a diagnosis for image below:

Answer 5

• Unilateral renomegaly dog - carcinoma

Question 6

How does bladder position vary in dogs versus cats?

Answer 6

• In cats the bladder is displaced 2 to 3 cm from the pubis

Question 7

Name the finding that is shown in the image below?

Answer 7

• Opacity change - smooth mineral opacity - large triangular filling bladder

Question 8

Name the finding shown below:

Answer 8

• Urethral calculi

Question 9

What types of cystals and radiopaque and what types are considered to be radiolucent on radiographs?

Answer 9

I cant CU:

1. Phosphate
2. Oxalate
3. Cysteine
4. Urate

** these are the one you can see

Question 10

Name the condition that is shown below and provide 4 possible ddx for it:

Answer 10

• The bladder is displaced cranially away from the pubis ⇒ prostatomegaly as a diagnosis

Ddx:

1. BPH - benign prostatitic neoplasia
2. Prostatitis - acute OR chronic
3. Neoplasia
4. Other = large cysts (Paraprostatic cysts, Prostatic retention cysts)

Question 11

Examining the radiograph below - provide 3 signs that are supportive of prostatic neoplasia:

Answer 11

Signs that are supportive of prostatic neoplasia:

1. Sublumbar lymph node enlargement
2. Periosteal new bone in the last 2-3 lumbar vertebrae and sacrum
3. Mineralisation

Question 12

Where are the uterus and ovary located and are they normally seen on radiographs?

Answer 12

Uterus:

• Between the colon + dorsal bladder wall caudally
• Not normally seen

Ovary:

• Dorsal peritoneal cavity caudal to kidneys
• Not normally seen

Question 13

Name the condition that is shown below and provide some Ddx:

Answer 13

• Uteromegaly

Ddx - ultrasound to differentiate between these conditions:

• Normal pregnancy <42 days
• Pyometra
• Mucometra
• Enodmetrial hyperplasia
• Neoplasia

Question 14

Name the problem that is shown in the radiograph below:

Answer 14

• Foetal death - Emphysema + collapse of the skull