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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 26 - Urinary > Flashcards

Chapter 26 - Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

functions of urinary system

A 
retaining water
ion regulation
nitrogen waste removal
Vit D hormone
RBC production hormone, etc
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2
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what happens when water is retained?

A

increases blood volume and blood pressure

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3
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what increases acidity

A

H+ ions

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4
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

organs of urin sys

A

kidney
ureter
bladder
urethra

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5
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

organs impacting urin sys

A

adrenal
heart
posterior pituitary

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6
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

urination also called

A

micturation

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7
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

kidneys are ________ shaped

A

bean shaped

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8
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where are kidneys located

A

L-2

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9
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what supports kidneys

A

renal capsule
adipose capsule
renal fascia

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10
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what is on top of kidneys

A

adrenal glands

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11
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where do the blood vessels enter kidney

A

hilus

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12
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

just below the celiac trunk are the ________ branching off to the kidnesy

A

right/left renal arteries

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13
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

leaving the kidneys are the right/left

A

renal veins

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14
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ and ________ are weaved around the renal pyramids

A

interlobular and arcuate arteries and veins

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15
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

the arteries eventually become the ________, ________, and ________

A

afferent and efferent arterioles
pepitubular capillaries
vasa recta

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16
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

outer layer of kidney

A

cortex

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17
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

inner “core” of kidney

A

medulla

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18
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

anatomy parts of kidney

A

calyx - major and minor
renal (medullary) pyramid
renal papilla
renal pelvis

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19
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what opens to the ureter

A

renal pelvis

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20
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

functional units in kidney

A

nephrons

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21
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what nephrons are located in cortex

A

cortical nephrons

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22
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what % of nephrons in cortex

A

85%

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23
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what surrounds the cortical nephrons

A

peritubular capillaries

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24
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

other neprhons in kidney

A

juxamedullary

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25
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where are juxamedullary nephrons founds

A

cortex and medulla

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26
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what surrounds the juxamedullary

A

vasa recta

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27
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron consists of

A 
glomerular
PCT
Henle loop
DCT
collecting duct
papillary duct
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28
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

another name for glomerular

A

bowman’s capsule

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29
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what does glomerular contain

A

glomerulus

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30
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what surrounds the glomerulus

A

podocytes

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31
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

PCT

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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32
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

2 arms of Henle loop

A

ascending/descending

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33
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

DCT

A

distal convoluted tubule

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34
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where does blood enter in nephron

A

glomerulus

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35
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ is what is filtered from the blood in the nephron

A

filtrate

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36
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where does the filtrate go

A

capsular space

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37
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

blood flow:
blood - afferent arteriole - glomerulus - efferenent arteriole
blood in glomerulus - filtrate into capsular space - PCT - Henle Loop - DCT - collecting duct - papillary duct - minor calyx - major calyx- renal pelvis - ureter - urinary bladder - urethra - discharge

A

blood to urine flow

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38
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

DCT is next to the

A

arterioles

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39
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

“dense spot”

A

macula densa

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40
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ are specialized cells which have receptors which detect sodium ions.

A

macula densa

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41
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what receptors are in macula densa

A

chem & osmo

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42
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

if sodium ions are low, smooth muscle between the DCT and glomerulus ________ release renin

A

JG (juxtaglomerular)

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43
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

hormonal pathway from JG

A

renin-angiotensin

44
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

renin-angiotensin leads to

A

increased BP and BV

45
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ acts on bone marrow to increase the production of rbc

A

erythropoietin

46
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ is the hormone that completes the Vit D chain

A

calcitriol

47
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

wastes associated with kidney

A 
urea
creatinine
ammonia
uric acid
urobilin/bilirubin
48
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what is largest % of waste from kidney

A

urea

49
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

uric acid is from

A

RNA (purines)

50
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what gives urine its color

A

urolilin (bilirubin)

51
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

processes associated with kidney

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

52
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

kidney filtration goes into

A

capsular space

53
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

kidney reabsorption involves

A

water

ions removed

54
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

kidney secretion goes into

A

tubular lumen

55
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

rate of filtration is called

A

Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

56
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what is GFR

A

about 50 gals/day (both kidneys)

57
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where does most filtration go

A

back in the blood stream

58
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what affects GFR?

A

bp
bv
hormones
stress

59
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

hormones that can change GFR

A

renin
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
ANF
ANH

60
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

which part of NS impacts GFR

A

mostly sympathetic

61
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

transport in kidney uses

A

tubules

62
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

to transport in kidneys means to cross

A

barriers

63
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

how are barriers crossed in kidney transport

A

diffusion (gas)
channels (ion)
protein carrier by exchange pump
cotransporter

64
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

active transport requires

A

ATP

65
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron/filtration:

PCT

A

water loss

some ion

66
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron/filt

Henle loop descending

A

water loss, goes to blood stream

67
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron/filt

Henle loop ascending

A

Na Cl loss, goes to blood stream

68
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron/filt

DCT

A

some NACl loss
some water loss (via ADH)
NA/K pump - K in filtrate

69
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron/filt

Collecting duct

A

water loss via ADH
some NA+ loss
Na, K= - K in filtrate

70
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

nephron/fil

Papillary duct

A

urea loss

71
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

henle loop desc is impermeable to

A

solutes

72
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

henle loop desc is permeable to

A

water

73
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

henle loop asc is imperable to

A

water

74
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

henle loop asc uses

A

active solute transport

75
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

which henle loop is thicker

A

ascending

76
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

DCT: part is permeable to water

A

ADH

77
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

part of DCT - sensitive to

A

aldosterone

78
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

pathology of DCT

A

hypokalemia

79
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ is low K+ in blood from high alderstone

A

hypokalemia

80
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what might cause hypokalemia

A

long term stress

81
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

collecting duct permeable to

A

water

82
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

papillary duct permeabl to

A

urea

83
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ is ADH - water reabsorption - highly concentrated urine

A

ADH effect

84
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what increase urine output

A

diuretics
coffee
alcohol
thiazieds

85
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

kidney is involved with a ________ system

A

buffer

86
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

-H+ + HCO3 –} H2CO3 –} CO2 + H2O

A

bicarbonate and carbonic acid

buffer system

87
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ increase protein in urine

marathon, distance swimmer

A

proteinuria

88
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ blood in urine

stone passing, kidney problems, etc

A

hematuria

89
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ kidney failyer, permt damage

A

renal failure

90
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ glucose in urine

high carbo, diabetes mellitus

A

glycosuria

91
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ increase in amino acids in urine

high protein

A

aminoaciduria

92
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ ketone bodies excreted

atkins/low carb

A

ketonuria

93
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

________ are long tubes

A

ureters

94
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

the ureters re between

A

kidneys and bladder

95
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where are kidney stones usually felt

A

ureter

96
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

bladder has what type of epithelium

A

transitional

97
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

how much can bladder hold

A

1 liter

98
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

important muscle in bladder

A

detrusor muscle

99
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what is function of detrusor muscle

A

expels contents of uretha

100
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

neck of bladder contains

A

internal urethral sphincter

101
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

what overrides the external urethral sphincter

A

internal urethral sphincter

102
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

which sphincter is under involuntary control

A

internal

103
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

which sphincter is under voluntary control

A

external

104
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

where is the external urethral sphincter located

A

urethra

105
Q

Chapter 26 - Urinary

urethra same size in all

A

no. men larger

Anatomy & Physiology (30 decks)

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