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Word Formation > Questions And Answers > Flashcards

Questions And Answers Flashcards

1
Q

Marchands scope of Word Formation:

A 
Wf is the study of patterns associated with the formation of lexical words/ Central notion Syntagma.
Bilateral signs
Form and meaning
Needs to be analysable 
determinant washing bird launch
determinatum machine bath pad
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2
Q

Marchands scopeof Word Formation:

A

Wf is the study of patterns assocated with the formation of lexical words/ Central notion Syntagma.

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3
Q

What is Syntagma?

A

Sequential linguistic forms

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4
Q

Explain Expansion, transposition and derivation

A

1 Expan: adding a prefix but not changing word category- ex: un+happy
Still adjective
2.Trans:Changing word form by adding a suffix
Teach(v) + Er = Teacher(n)
3. Deri:Changing word class through conv, affixation or ing

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5
Q

Difference between word or morpheme

A

A word is made up of morphemes and a moropme is the smallest meaninful part or a word. “An ultimate contituent”

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6
Q

2 classes of the Word formation process

A
  1. Major= compounding, affixation (pre +suff)zero derivation, back formation,
  2. Minor=blending acronyms, clipping, reduplication : rhyme and ablaut
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7
Q

Zero conversion?

A

A process that assigns a n existing word to different word class. Also called conversion.

Sheep(sing)/sheep(plur)
Judge(v)/ judge(n)
Cheat(v)/cheat (n)

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8
Q

Backformation

The process if making a new word by remiving the suffix of a existing word.

A

BABYSITTER =

Baby sit

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9
Q

Backformation

A

BABYSITTER =

Baby sit

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10
Q

Compound

A

Launch + pad =

Launchpad

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11
Q

BLENDING

A

Breakfast + lunch=

Brunch

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12
Q

acronymization

A

FbI

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13
Q

clipping

A

laboratory = lab

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14
Q

blocking

A

the absence of a word because another word exists that has the same meaning.
3 conditions:
A. 2 words same stem
B. 2 words with the same meaning
C.neither words can be derived by productive wfr

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15
Q

Lee’s Compound theory

A 
1.Kernal sentence >
the course is a snap
2.Relative clause >
course which is a snap
3.Expression + post nominal mod >
course a snap
4.Word swap  (with 2 two left over constituents)
snap course
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16
Q

Lees theory criticized

A

Marchand heavily criticized the ambiguity of it. He then then ironically joined the field.

Lees does not explain: 1.Why Kernal sentences make entirely different compounds

  1. why semantically identical types have formal differences
  2. why the same sentence structure corresponds to different compound structures
  3. why identical sentences can yield different compounds
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17
Q

Kastovsky’s transformational approach

topical lization

A

1.Kernal sentence>
Someone eats apples
2.Underlying sentence level> topical lization transform…
apples are eaten
3.Word formation syntagma >word formation transform…
eating apples

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18
Q

Aranoff’s word based theory

A

word + the basic unit of word formation
not morphemes

No phrase constraint, word formation process is word based. no new words can be from phrases only existing words

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19
Q

Aranoff’s productivity theory

A

relativized approach: examines the productivity of an affix with reguard to a base
Actual/potential

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20
Q

Aranoff’s semantic coherence

A

the predictability of the meaning of words according to the wf rule: add ness to nouns make them more coherent because have basis in fact/extent/quality
The more coherent a word the more it will be used increasing production

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21
Q

Halle

A 
List of Morphemes >
free and bound
Word formation rules >
all rules
Filter >
semantically -al 
phonological - shortening of dipthong 
structural- accidental gap discont. or too new 
List of irregularities
Dictionary > 
back to word formation 
Syntax > 
sentence usage 
Phonology >
sounds in sentence pot. changes 
output
finished ready for use
22
Q

Reduplication

A

Subcategories
Ablaut: drink/drank
Rhyme: willy nilly
Exact: A man’s man

Reduplication
Man’s man

23
Q

Robert lees

the Grammar of English Nominalizations

A

An American linguist and syntactician who argued that nominalizations which made use of transformations to generate compounds from kernel sentences.

24
Q

Post nominial modification

A

Marker is after the head

25
Q

Marchand

A

Wf started in the 1960s by German linguist and structuralist Hans Marchand

26
Q

Gemination

A

midday misspell

27
Q

Chomsky

A

According to Remarks on Nominalization believes that Wf rules are restricted in their productivity and are semantically irregular

28
Q

Wf and syntax:

A

Many areguments against syntax based word formation.

While word formation gives names to objects if extra linguistic reality. Combines them.

29
Q

How many word formation theories are there?

A
  1. structuralist school: Marchand European stuctuslism Saussure sign and syntagma
  2. transformative hypothesis: lee & katovsky N+N compounds from kernal sentences
  3. lexicalist hypothesis Aaronoff morphological issues should be independant
    not finished
30
Q

Class 1

Cass 2

A

Class 1 stress change
Allomorphy, truncation
Etimology foriegn
Stem or full words poss. To attach

Class 2 domestic aglo/germaic only attach to full words

31
Q

What is Marchands theory on syntagma

A

Wf can only treat analysable composites into two constituents: determinan and determinatum both signs.
Halle disagrees proposes two types of wf rules: meaningless stem + suffix
Vac+ ant
Pregn+ ant

32
Q

Delimination

A

?

33
Q

Primary & synthetic compound differences

A

Primary: not verbal/root
Ex: table tennis

Synthetic:verbal
Ex: snow covered

34
Q

What are Neo classical compounds?

A

Contain latin or greek constituants

Ex medical terminology

35
Q

What are Endo and exocentric compounds

A 
Endo: kind of something
Table tennis 
Exo: outside of compound
Not a type of something
Could be an agent
Killjoy or turncoat
36
Q

What is a bahuvrihi compound

A

These compounds refer to people/animals/plants

Paleskined, blackfaced, Blue bell

37
Q

What are syntactic and asyntactic compounds

A 
Syntactic: normal order
Ex:White cap
Has a white cap
O
Asyntactic: reverse order
Cry baby
A baby cries
38
Q

What are German and French compounds

A 
French
1st determinatum
2nd determinan
Pocket picker=
Pickpocket

Germanic
1st determinan
2nd determinatum
A type of ship is a spaceship

39
Q

What are coordinate and subordinate compounds?

A 
Coordinate:
Ex: bittersweet
Actor-manager
Both constiuents 
Semantical equal

Subordinate:
Determining and determined constitients
Crybaby popcorn dancefloor

40
Q

Wf and lexicon

A

The relationship between wf and lexicon plays a vital role in the the theories of word formation in paticular.

41
Q

What is a moneme?

A

A word un analysable into two morphemes.

42
Q

What is the variable r condition?

A

Allen the number of meaning us strictly limited.

43
Q

What is Elsewhere condition?

A

If a word is irregular inflected at level 1
Then it will be blocked at regular inflection at level 3
Level 1: oxen, people
Level 3: oxes, peoples

44
Q

What is Elsewhere condition?

A

If a word is irregular inflectedat level 1
Then it will be blocked at regular inflection at level 3
Level 1: oxen, people
Level 3: oxes, peoples

45
Q
  1. Righthand head rule

2. Revised Rh rule

A

1 the head is always on the right
Criticised: de- be- father in law
2 when the word is broken down the constuient which features complex X will be the head. Left or right

46
Q

Feature Percolation conventions

A 
Unlabled binary branching trees
Convention1 stems features
Convention2 affix features
Convention 3 back to con2 if Branching node is free
Convention 4 compounds percolate up
47
Q

Onomasiological

Categories

A

Substance quality action or circumstance

qacs

48
Q

Tricelibic shorting rules

A

Decide / decision

49
Q

Lexilization

A

?

50
Q

Corpos

A

Lexical database

51
Q

Corpos

A

Lexical database

52
Q

What is a word?

4 notions

A
  1. Morphological unit
  2. syntacyic atom
  3. listeme
  4. phonological word

Word Formation (2 decks)

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