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Alex Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central nervous system (CNS) & peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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2
Q

What is the main function of the central nervous system? (CNS)

A

Comprised of brain and spinal cord, sends signals out to tell mind and body what to do.

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3
Q

What is the main function of the peripheral nervous system? (PNS)

A

Connects the CNS to the rest of the body.

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4
Q

What types of medication affect neurotransmitters and mental health?

A

Psychotropic Medications:

Agonists, Antagonists, Reuptake Inhibitors (like SSRIs)

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5
Q

What are some common SSRIs?

A

Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft

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6
Q

What is an Agonist medication?

A

Chemicals that mimic a neurotransmitter and strengthen its effects

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7
Q

What is an Antagonist medication?

A

Chemicals that block or impede the normal activity of a neurotransmitter

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8
Q

What is the somatic nervous system?

A

Associated with activities normally thought of as conscious or voluntary

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9
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A

Controls our internal organs and glands and is generally considered to be outside the realm of voluntary control

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10
Q

What functions is the frontal lobe involved in?

A

Reasoning, motor control, emotion, language

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11
Q

What functions is the motor cortex involved in?

A

Planning and coordinating movement

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12
Q

What functions is the prefrontal cortex involved in?

A

Higher-level cognitive function

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13
Q

What function is Broca’s area essential to?

A

Language Production

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14
Q

What functions is the parietal lobe involved in?

A

Processing information from the body’s senses

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15
Q

What function is the somatosensory cortex essential to?

A

Processing sensory information

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16
Q

What functions is the temporal lobe involved in?

A

Hearing, memory, emotion, and some aspects of language

17
Q

The auditory cortex, which is located within the temporal lobe, is responsible for what, primarily?

A

Processing auditory information

18
Q

Wernicke’s area, which is located within the temporal lobe, is responsible for what, primarily?

A

Speech comprehension

19
Q

What functions is the occipital lobe involved in?

A

Interpreting incoming visual information

20
Q

What is the thalamus responsible for?

A

Sensory relay

21
Q

What is the limbic system responsible for?

A

Emotion and memory

22
Q

What is the hippocampus responsible for?

A

Learning and memory

23
Q

What is the amygdala responsible for?

A

Experience of emotion and in tying emotional meaning to our memories

24
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A

Regulates homeostatic processes

25
Q

Where is the midbrain located?

A

Deep within the brain, between the forebrain and hindbrain

26
Q

What is the reticular formation (located in the midbrain) responsible for?

A

Sleep/wake cycle, arousal, alertness, and motor activity

27
Q

What are the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA) (located in the midbrain) responsible for?

A

Contail cell bodies that produce dopamine, and are critical for movement

28
Q

Where is the hindbrain located?

A

Back of the head, looks like extension of the spinal cord

29
Q

What is the medulla (located in the hindbrain) responsible for?

A

Controls automatic processes of autonomic nervous system

30
Q

What is the pons (located in the hindbrain) responsible for?

A

Connects brain and spinal cord, regulates brain activity during sleep

31
Q

What is the cerebellum responsible for?

A

Receives messages from muscles, tendons, joints, and structures in our ear to control balance, coordination, movement, and motor skills

32
Q

Explain the role of genetics in survival.

A

Natural selection filters out negative genetics over time, leading to the evolution of desirable or helpful traits

33
Q

Explain the relationship between genes, chromosomes, and DNA.

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a helix-shaped molecule made of nucleotide base pairs. A chromosome is a long strand of DNA. In each chromosome, sequences of DNA make up genes that control or partially control a number of visible characteristics known as traits.

34
Q

What are the major glands of the endocrine system, and some of their basic functions?

(Hint: There were four mentioned.)

A

Thyroid (growth, metabolism, appetite)

Adrenal (stress response)

Pancreas (regulates blood sugar levels)

Gonads (secrete sexual hormones)

35
Q

What does polygenic mean?

A

Multiple genes affecting a given trait

36
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Small gap between two neurons where communication occurs

37
Q

What is a myelin sheath?

A

Fatty substance that insulates axons

38
Q

What is action potential?

A

Electrical signal that moves down the neuron’s axon

Alex Psychology (7 decks)

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