Fundamentals Chp 18

Question 1

What changes in the system occurs with aging

Answer 1

1) Bone strength and mass are lost because of mineral resorption
2) May lead to osteoporosis
3) loss of bone density predisposes the older adult to fracture (fractures do not heal quickly because of decreased mineral uptake)
4) muscle cells are lost and replaced by fat
5) muscle fiber elasticity is decreased or lost causing decreased flexibility
6) joint motion May decrease, limiting mobility, activity, and exercise

Question 2

What are the functions of bones for positioning and moving patients

Answer 2

Provides the scaffolding or frame work to the body
Gives the body shape
Bones provide places for ligaments and tendons
Primary function of a joint is to provide movement and flexibility

Question 3

What are the functions of muscles for positioning and moving patients

Answer 3

Skeletal muscle contraction is accomplished through the stimulation of many muscle fibers
Contraction of skeletal muscles provides movement, stabilizes joints, produces heat, maintains posture

Question 4

Kinesiology

Answer 4

(Body mechanics) is the study of movement of body parts

Question 5

The body functions best when it’s in correct anatomical position or

Answer 5

Alignment

Question 6

What is alignment,

Answer 6

Arrangements in straight line, bringing a line into order

Question 7

What is dowager

Answer 7

The hump at bottom of the neck usually caused by bad posture

Question 8

What does ambulate

Answer 8

Walk

Question 9

Assessment (data collection) for standing patient

Answer 9

Begin by noting the head position
Are knees and ankles slightly flexed and parallel?
Are hips and shoulders parallel
Do arms hang comfortably

Question 10

Culture data gathering sheet, review those questions

Answer 10

What is your usual meal plan/diet
How can your illness be treated
Who in your family has decision making authority

Question 11

muscle cells that are lost and turned into fat is?

Answer 11

sarcopenia

Question 12

proper body mechanics in nursing is important because they help prevent?

Answer 12

lower back pain/injury

Question 13

If your assisting a weak patient up and into a wheel chair?

Answer 13

let them sit on the edge of the bed
gait belt on 
wheel chair at 90 degree angle from them
lock wheels put on shoes
feet on floor

Question 14

How would you help a patient maintain dorsal flexion

Answer 14

foot board, sketchers, and bed role

Question 15

Someone who has been immobilized for a long period of time, you are assisting them out of bed what are some things you may need to watch for

Answer 15

dizziness (blood pressure)

Question 16

What is a shearing Force

Answer 16

it is applied force that cases a downward and forward pressure on tissues

Question 17

how many repetition of PROM or ROM sets do you have the patient do

Answer 17

x3 per exercise

Question 18

steps to body mechanics

Answer 18

obtain help whenever possible
use your leg muscles 
keep feet shoulder width apart 
use smooth coordinated movements
keep elbows and work close to body
work at the same level

Question 19

SEMI fowler bed degree is

Answer 19

30-45

Question 20

Fowler bed bed degree is

Answer 20

60-90

Question 21

Fowler and Semi Fowler may assist with

Answer 21

breathing eating and swallowing