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Ethics > Natural Law > Flashcards

Natural Law Flashcards

1
Q

Eternal law

A

The principles by which God made and controls the universe and which are only fully known to God
(FIRST)

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2
Q

Divine law

A

The law of God revealed in the bible, particularly in the Ten Commandments and the sermon on the mount
(SECOND)

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3
Q

Natural law

A

The moral law of God within human nature that is discoverable through the use of reason
(THIRD)

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4
Q

Human law

A

The laws of nations

FOURTH

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5
Q

The precepts

A

> key precepts (do good, and avoid evil)
primary precepts (5 examples: Worship, Order, Reproduce, Learn, Don’t kill)
secondary precepts (application of primary precepts)

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6
Q

Deontological

A

Based on duty (regardless of consequence)

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7
Q

Eudaemonia

A

Achieving union with God, a good life

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8
Q

A postiori

A

After experience

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9
Q

A priori

A

Before experience

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10
Q

Essentialism

A

Something that makes us human that cannot be changed

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11
Q

Telos

A

Purpose

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12
Q

Phronesis

A

Aristotle’s practice wisdom learnt by experience

Through this we can grow in perfection and closeness to God

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13
Q

Absolute

A

Legalistic, rule based approach

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14
Q

Ratio

A

Reason as a result of being created in the image of God

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15
Q

Conscientia

A

The process of forming moral judgements by application of knowledge

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16
Q

Synderisis

A

Do good and avoid evil

17
Q

Efficient cause

A

Something coming into existence

18
Q

Final cause

A

Telos of an object

19
Q

Real and apparent good

A

Apparent is perceived as good but fundamentally wrong, real good is just good

20
Q

Interior and exterior acts

A

It matters what your intention is, good interior but bad exterior

21
Q

Doctorin of the double effect

A

Sometimes you must commit a good act with a bad consequence

22
Q

Summa theologica

A

Work of Aquinas

23
Q

Aquinas

A

> properly applied reason would reach some conclusion as the bible
we will pursue perfection in heaven and achieve eudaemonia

24
Q

Proportionalist

A

Some actions are wrong but necessary

25
Q

Sin

A

Reason is lacking, we don’t properly apply natural law and fall short of our intended purpose

26
Q

Is natural law a helpful method of moral decision making (YES)

A

> the primary precepts are not particularly controversial, they are goods valued by societies
it is an absolutist theory meaning that there is clarity to judgement
it is also flexible in terms of secondary precept application
it leads to a belief in certain rights that exist regardless if context
it affirms the importance of reason

27
Q

Is natural law a helpful method of moral deliciousness making (NO)

A

> basic good s vary across society’s, seen in applying secondary precepts
it can be too legalistic, particularly when there are negative consequences
it commits the naturalistic fallacy of observing what happens in the world and assuming that this is what must happen
tension between the clarity of the primary precepts and flexibility of the secondary precepts

28
Q

Natural law strengths

A

> our telos is to reflect God’s image
we can work things out by using reason
it upholds the sanctity of life and so respect others
it is proportional so recognises exemptions to rules

29
Q

Natural law weaknesses

A

> presupposes our human nature
presupposes a good designer who has our best interest at heart
porporationalism isn’t open to interpretation

30
Q

G.E.Moore view

A

Natural law commits a naturalistic fallacy (mistake of defining moral terms with reference to non-moral or natural terms)

31
Q

P.Singer view

A

Belief in the sanctity of life can cause individual suffering

32
Q

Sartre view

A

Having a telos is only with God, believes that we come into existence first and then we decide our essence. We have a tendency to deny freedom

33
Q

Summa Theological quote

A

‘The first precept of law, that “good is to be done and pursued, and evil is to be avoided”

34
Q

Jesus quotes

A

‘Love your neighbour’
‘Love for all’
Parable of the Good Samaritan

35
Q

St Paul verse

A

1 Corinthians 13 ‘and now these three remain: faith, hope and love. But the greatest of these is love’

36
Q

Our telos: Aquinas and Aristotle

A

Aquinas - as humans are main moral rule is to do good and avoid evil. Our telos is also to follow natural law as we are made in God’s image

Aristotle -found in rational thought, in exercising our reason we are flourishing and achieving telos

37
Q

What are the primary precepts

A

They are absolute and universal statements about what is good for humans

Ethics (20 decks)

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