Social and Economic Issues from Urbanisation Flashcards
What is economic inequality? Is this higher in developing or developed countries? - Urbanisation Issues
Economic inequality is the unequal distribution of money amongst a population. This is higher in developing countries due to these countries lacking resources to support their populations, such as a welfare state.
What is social segregation? - Urbanisation Issues
Social segregation is when different social groups are separated from each other.
What is urban social exclusion? - Urbanisation Issues
Urban social exclusion is the problems faced by residents in areas of multiple deprivation.
What is the cycle of poverty? - Urbanisation Issues
The cycle of poverty is the process by which families born in poverty remain in poverty. A child is born in poverty and is therefore disadvantaged in education and skills. This means they struggle to get a job and have a family born into poverty.
Are there any spatial patterns to urban poverty? - Urbanisation Issues
Nowadays, there are no real patterns to urban poverty, with perceptions that city centres are areas of extreme poverty largely outdated, as many peripheral estates now exhibit poverty whilst inner cities have been regenerated.
How can subsidies be used to overcome economic inequalities? - Urbanisation Issues
Subsidies can be used to overcome economic inequalities as governments can subsidise new companies, increasing local employment and creating a multiplier effect in a local area.
How has improving transport been used as a strategy to overcome economic inequalities in Rio? - Urbanisation Issues
Rio has seen the construction of a cable car in the Complexo de Alemão favela, cutting travel times and increasing access to employment for residents.
How has affordable housing been used to overcome economic inequalities in Leeds? - Urbanisation Issues
Affordable housing can be subsidised by government in order to allow less wealthy people to buy property. This has been seen with Lilac Living in Leeds, creating affordable flats in the area with shared facilities to reduce economic inequality.
How can the introduction of minimum wage help overcome economic inequalities? - Urbanisation Issues
The introduction of a minimum wage stabilises income inequalities between the rich and poor, hence helping economic inequalities.
How can upgrading programmes be used to overcome economic inequalities? - Urbanisation Issues
Upgrading programmes can be used to increase the quality of slum settlements by investing in infrastructure such as roads, water and sanitation.
What is cultural diversity? - Urbanisation Issues
Cultural diversity is the existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society. Can relate to nationality, race, age and tradition.
Why do urban areas have a greater cultural diversity than rural areas? (4) - Urbanisation Issues
Urban areas offer a range of employment opportunities, immigrants to countries first enter through cities, ethnic communities exist in cities where minorities feel welcomed, specialist shops and religious centres exist in established cultural communities.
What does the term ‘diaspora’ refer to? - Urbanisation Issues
Diaspora refers to a large group of people with a similar heritage or point of origin that have settled elsewhere in the world.
What foreign country is a notable example of a place with vast ethnic diversity due to migration? - Urbanisation Issues
Dubai and the UAE is a major example of a country with expats, with people moving from India, Sri Lanka, Europe and Pakistan to work in services and construction. They send home wages as remittances.
What are advantages of cultural diversity? - Urbanisation Issues
Cultural diversity is good for the spread of different ideas; helps international trade and relations; spreads food, culture, tourism, music and langauges; boosts social cohesion.
