evolution🦧🪨☄️ Flashcards
how have modern cattle been produced from less productive ancestors
- artificial selection
- select cattle with desirable traits such as producing more milk
- cross breed selected cattle
- cross breed best offspring
- over many generations
evidence for evolution
- biochemical evidence
- compare base sequences
- compare structure of haemoglobin
- compare amino acid sequence
- more similarities indicate closer relationship
- compare anatomy
- antibiotic resistance
when cloning why would you use frog with albinism for nucleus to transfer into brown frog eggs
- offspring visibly different from donor
- to show offspring produced are clones
when cloning would the offspring contain mitochondrial dna identical to biological mother, father or donor mother
-donor because mitochondria in cytoplasm
potential applications of adult cell cloning
- investigate development and treatment of disease
- produces best animals
- preserve endangered animals
- grow tissues
advantage of using clones for research
genetic variable controlled
why does lack of genetic vatiation contribute to disease spread
-if one is susceptible to disease then all are likely to be
how to use selective breeding to improve overall disease resistance of a crop in short and long term
- cross breed with disease reistant variety
- select best offspring
- interbreed offspring with best offspring
- continue process for many generations
- avoid breeding closely related individuals to preserve genetic diversity
- preserve rare varieties in case they are needed in future
how does parasite benefit from relationship
- warmth
- protection
- allows spread to new host
how do bacteria cause food spoilage
- bacteria divide
- secrete enzymes
- food digested
- release toxins
why does food spoil faster at higher temperatures
- more bacteria present
- more bacterial reproduction
- more toxins produced
what is the vector for malaria
-anopheles
why do adults who survive malaria lose immunity when leave malarial area
- no booster
- no repeat infections
- memory cells reduce
- no secondary response
why has it not been possible to produce vaccine against malaria
- different strains have different antigens
- due to mutation
- more than one stage in plasmodium life cycle, different antigens during different stages
- different strain/life stage needs different vaccine
how do fossils support evolution
- show organisms change over time
- fossils can be dated
- fossils show intermediate forms
