Mobility

Question 1

Define mobility?

Answer 1

The movement of people in a population.

Question 2

Define classification?

Answer 2

The whole spectrum of modes and means (public and private).

Question 3

Which mobility indicators can you define?

Answer 3

1. # of trips (constant)
2. # of kms travelled
3. # of hours travelled (constant)
4. average speed
5. costs (constant).

Question 4

What are the evolutions in mobility?

Answer 4

1. new transport modes
2. demographic evolutions
3. IT / virtual world
4. economic situation.

Question 5

Define sustainable mobility?

Answer 5

1. reducing transport energy consumption
2. satisfying basic transport needs
3. affordable and accessible public transport
4. increase the share of renewable energy for transport.

Question 6

Define the negative impacts of mobility?

Answer 6

1. consumption of energy and material resources
2. pollution of air, soil and water
3. consumption of land
4. safety aspect (accidents)
5. traffic noice
6. social exclusion.

Question 7

Define the relation between tourism and mobility?

Answer 7

1. essential for traveling to/from/within destination ( logistical vs experiential)
2. concerns of increasing negative impacts due to the growing demand for leisure.

Question 8

Can you elaborate about the concerns of increasing negative impacts due to the growing demand for leisure?

Answer 8

• leisure is incorporated in our lives
• more leisure-related trips = further and longer thus more emissions
• people cast away environmental concerns
• politically sensitive (freedom, choice, self-improvement).

Question 9

Which trends can you define pre- and post-covid mobility-wise?

Answer 9

Pre-covid:

• alarming growth
• increasing negative social impacts
• increasing negative environmental impacts

During-covid:
- unprecedented crisis
- telework, ecommerce
- more cycling and waling
- challenges for public transport and shares mobility
multimodality and Mobility-as-a-Service.

Question 10

Explain the framework transport system?

Answer 10

The transport system can be influenced by and divided into three marktes:

1. travel/movement/trip (affect demand for travel)
2. transport (influence mode choice: means and service)
3. traffic (change infra).

Question 11

Describe policy making in relation to mobility?

Answer 11

Combine measures from the framework transport system.

Take into account the unintended side effect of each measure:

• efficiency (improve with innovation)
• change behavior
• decrease traffic.

Question 12

Which instruments can be used in influencing mobility?

Answer 12

• market (taxes en subsidizing)
• information (more awareness)
• controle and command (standard on products an processes).

Question 13

Describe policy making in relation to leisure mobility?

Answer 13

1. legislation
2. technology
3. change behavior and attitude.

Question 14

Name suggestions to change behavior and attitude?

Answer 14

1. fly less
2. reduction in distance
3. travel by train and coach instead of car
4. less frequent traveling.

Question 15

What do we mean with the “gaps” in changing ones attitude and behavior in leisure travel?

Answer 15

It means that one is aware of their leisure mobility and the impact they are causing but nevertheless is positive about flying. This is called the awareness-attitude gap.

Another gap is called the contextual gap which states that one considers themselves environmental friendly on a daily base thus strongly believes they compensate (or even “earns”) their leisure travel.