Acids & Bases Flashcards
What is pH?
measure of H+ ions in concentration solution
What is an acidic pH?
1 -6
What is a neutral pH?
7
What is a basic pH?
8-14
What is the relationship btw pH and H+ concentration?
inverse relationship
lower pH = more acidic / more H+
high pH = more basic / less H+ & more OH
What is an acid?
dissolve in water to add H+ ions to solution
How are the H + ions produced?
through dissolution of acid (decomposition reaction)
What are the products of a neutralisation reaction?
H2O + salt (ionic compound)
How are all acids made?
H+ + stable anion (polyatomic or monoatomic)
MUST BE NEUTRAL LIKE IONIC COMPOUNDS
What are binary acids and how are they named?
binary acids - acids made wt monoatomic anion
add enough H+ ions so it is a neutral compound
in formula ALWAYS PUT H FIRST
hydro (shortened ion name) ic acid
What are foxy acids and how are they named?
oxygen acids - acids made wt polyatomic anions
add enough H+ until neutral compound
ALWAYS WRITE H FIRST IN FORMULA
no ‘hydro’ instead:
- ic acid (polyatomic anions ending with -ate)
- ous acid (polyatomic anions ending with -ite)
What are bases?
produce OH- in solution
usually contain OH in formula
hydroxide bases
ionic compound
How are hydroxide bases named?
name of cation (the same as the periodic table name) hydroxide
What do remember when making dissolution equations for bases?
the bases is a solid and transforms into 2 aq solutions
What needs to be included in a dissolution equation?
dissolution equation = complete ionic equation
therefore must have:
- (aq) solutions split into ions SHOW CHARGES!!
- (s) (l) (g) stay bonded
- balanceed
