Self

Question 1

What is the Self-perception theory?

Answer 1

when internal cues are weak we look at our behaviour and consider the situation. if the situation cannot explain the behaviour, we infer a corresponding internal state

Question 2

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 2

Internal motivation - doing something out of interest, enjoyment, or challenge

Question 3

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 3

external motivation - doing something for a reward or recognition, or as an obligation or punishment

Question 4

What is the over-justification effect?

Answer 4

when rewards are introduced for intrinsically motivated behaviours, the behaviour becomes over justified

Question 5

What is the social comparison theory?

Answer 5

when uncertain about our abilities or opinions, we evaluate self through comparison with similar others

Question 6

What was Festinger’s 1954 theory?

Answer 6

Social comparison theory

Question 7

What are the types of social comparisons?

Answer 7

Upward comparison is comparing self to someone who is better on some dimension. Downward comparison is comparing self to someone who is worse on some dimension

Question 8

What is an independent view of others?

Answer 8

Define oneself using own thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Value independence (western cultures)

Question 9

What is an interdependent view of the self?

Answer 9

define oneself using one’s relationships with others and that our behaviour is determined by others’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Value connectedness and interdependence (non-western cultures)

Question 10

What is the working self-concept?

Answer 10

more group affiliations among Chinese students and more trait descriptions among American students

Question 11

What is self-esteem?

Answer 11

Evaluation of self

Question 12

What is the Sociometer Theory?

Answer 12

driven by a need for connection and approval with self-esteem signalling level of social inclusion

Question 13

In what year and by whom was the Sociometer Theory created?

Answer 13

Leary & Baumeister, 2000

Question 14

What is the Terror management theory?

Answer 14

driven by self-preservation but conscious and scared of death. To cope, we construct and adhere to a cultural worldview that provides meaning and purpose. Self-esteem acts as a buffer against the thought of death

Question 15

In what year and by whom was the Terror management theory?

Answer 15

Greenberg et al., 1997

Question 16

What is the self-awareness theory?

Answer 16

self-focused attention leads us to compare ourselves to internal standards and values. Not meeting internal standards leads to discomfort

Question 17

What is self-enhancement?

Answer 17

people are motivated to feel good about themselves and this can affect their thoughts and behaviours

Question 18

What is the better-than-average effect?

Answer 18

most people think highly of themselves and are biased towards self-enhancement

Question 19

What are self-serving beliefs?

Answer 19

self-enhancing recollections - believe we did better than we did.
Attributions - take credit for success but blame others for our failures
Optimism about one’s future - think they will do better in life than their peers (illusion of control)

Question 20

What is self-verification?

Answer 20

we want others to see us the way we see ourselves.

For low self-esteem - prefer to interact with those who see them negatively.