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ANA - Neuro > The Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

The Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the cerebrum

A

Cerebral cortex
White matter
Deep nuclei

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2
Q

During embryonic development, what gives rise to the cerebrum?

A

The telencephalon, the first brain vesicle

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3
Q

What is the outermost layer of gray
matter, making up the superficial aspect of the
cerebrum?

A

The Cerebral Cortex

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4
Q

How thick is the cerebral cortex?

A

2 – 5mm thick

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5
Q

What is the surface area of the cerebral cortex?

A

Total area of one-quarter of a square meter

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6
Q

How many neurons are within the cerebral cortex?

A

100 billion neurons

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7
Q

Types of neurons within the cerebral cortex, based on morphological shapes

A
  • Granular
  • Fusiform
  • Pyramidal
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8
Q

Function of granular cells of the cerebral cortex

A

Intracortical processing of incoming sensory signals

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9
Q

Function of pyramidal and fusiform cells of the cerebral cortex

A

Almost all output fibers from the cortex

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10
Q

Types of neurons within the cerebral cortex, based on their processes

A

Nerve bodies of multipolar neurons

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex + Thalamus =

A

The Thalamocortical system (by Guyton)

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12
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere is divided into ___ lobes, corresponding roughly to their anatomical position

A

4

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13
Q

Lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Temporal lobe
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14
Q

What are the sulci that separate the lobes of the cerebral cortex?

A
  • Central sulcus (frontal from parietal)
  • Lateral sulcus (temporal from frontal and parietal)
  • Parieto-occipital sulcus (occipital from temporal and parietal)
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15
Q

Which lobe is located deep to the frontal bone of

the skull?

A

Frontal lobe

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16
Q

Functions of the frontal lobe

A
  • Speech
  • Personality
  • Abstract thought
  • Capacity to initiate and stop tasks
  • Concentration and Memory
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17
Q

Cortical regions of the frontal lobe

A
  • Pre-central area
  • Supplementary motor area
  • Frontal eye field
  • Pre-frontal cortex
  • Broca’s speech area
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18
Q

What makes up the precentral area of frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex?

A

The motor and premotor areas

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19
Q

What is the area number of the motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann?

A

Area 4

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20
Q

Location of the motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Pre-central gyrus and paracentral lobule

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21
Q

Representation of the motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Upside down

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22
Q

Function of the motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Controls voluntary activities of the opposite half of body

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23
Q

What is the area number of the pre-motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann?

A

Area 6

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24
Q

Location of the pre-motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Posterior parts of superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri

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25
Q

Function of the pre-motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Controls the extrapyramidal system

26
Q

Location of the supplementary motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Anterior to paracentral lobule

27
Q

Function of the supplementary motor area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

A

Controls movement in contralateral limbs

28
Q

What is the area number of the frontal eye lid of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann?

A

Area 6, 8

29
Q

Location of the frontal eye lid of the cerebral cortext

A

Posterior part of middle frontal pyrus

30
Q

Function of the frontal eye lid of the cerebral cortex

A

Controls horizontal conjugate movements of the eyes

31
Q

What is the area number of the pre-frontal cortex of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann?

A

Area 9, 10, 11, 12

32
Q

Location of the pre-frontal cortex of the cerebral cortex

A

The remaining large anterior part of frontal lobe

33
Q

Function of the pre-frontal cortex of the cerebral cortex of the cerebral cortex

A

Controls emotion, concentration, attention, initiative and judgement, personality

34
Q

What is the area number of Broca’s speech area of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann?

A

Area 44, 45

35
Q

Location of Broca’s speech area of the cerebral cortex

A

Pars triangularis and pars opercularis

36
Q

Function of Broca’s speech area of the cerebral cortex

A
  • Formation of words
  • Stimulation of muscles of larynx, mouth, tongue, soft palate
  • Respiration
37
Q

Which hemisphere is Broca’s speech area?

A

The left or dominant hemisphere (majority)

38
Q

Broca’s speech area is supplied by…

A

…the middle cerebral artery

39
Q

Role of the parietal lobe

A
  • Senses and integrates sensation(s)

- Spatial awareness and perception

40
Q

Proprioception is…

A

Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other

41
Q

Cortical regions of the parietal lobe

A
  • Primary somesthetic/somatosensory area
  • Somesthetic association area
  • Secondary somesthetic area
  • Angular gyrus
  • Supramarginal gyrus
42
Q

What is the area number of the primary somesthetic/somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex according to Brodmann?

•
•Location - postcentral gyrus to post part of the paracentral lobule
•Somesthetic association area(area 5,7) –
•Location - superior parietal lobule (between sensory and visual areas) extending onto the medial surface of hemisphere
•Secondary somesthetic area(area 43) –
•Location - superior lip of post limb of lateral fissure
•Angular gyrus(area 39)
•Supramarginal gyrus(area 40)

A

Area 3,1,2

43
Q

Where is the primary somesthetic/somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex located?

A

Postcentral gyrus to posterior part of the paracentral lobule

44
Q

What is Area 5,7 and which lobe is it located?

A

Somesthetic association area, in the parietal lobe

45
Q

Location of the somesthetic association area?

A

Superior parietal lobule (between sensory and visual areas) extending onto the medial surface of hemisphere

46
Q

What is Area 43 and on which lobe is it located?

A

Secondary somesthetic area, parietal lobe

47
Q

Where is Area 43 located?

A

The superior lip of posterior limb of lateral fissure

48
Q

Where the six cellular layers of the cerebral cortex in man?

A 
Molecular (plexiform) layer
External granular layer
External pyramidal layer
Internal granular layer
Internal pyramidal layer
Multiform (fusiform) layer
49
Q

Functions of the temporal lobe

A
  • Senses and integrates sensation(s)
  • Spatial awareness and perception
  • Proprioception
50
Q

What is proprioception?

A

Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other

51
Q

Cortical regions of the parietal lobe

A
  • Primary somesthetic/somatosensory area
  • Somesthetic association area
  • Secondary somesthetic area
  • Angular gyrus
  • Supramarginal gyrus
52
Q

What is the area number of the primary somesthetic/somatosensory area according to Brodmann?

A

Area 3,1,2

53
Q

Location of the primary somesthetic/somatosensory area

A

Post-central gyrus to posterior part of the paracentral lobule

54
Q

What is the area number of the somesthetic association area according to Brodmann?

A

Area 5,7

55
Q

Location of the primary somesthetic association area

A

Superior parietal lobule (between sensory
and visual areas) extending onto the medial surface of
hemisphere

56
Q

What is the area number of the secondary somesthetic area according to Brodmann?

A

Area 43

57
Q

Location of the secondary somesthetic association area

A

Superior lip of post limb of lateral fissure

58
Q

What is the area number of the angular gyrus according to Brodmann?

A

Area 39

59
Q

What is the area number of the supramarginal gyrus according to Brodmann?

A

Area 40

60
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is the site involved with processing of tactile and proprioceptive information?

A

Primary somesthetic (somatosensory) cortex

ANA - Neuro (3 decks)

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