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Hematology 1 > RBC Anomalies > Flashcards

RBC Anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

Basis of morphological classification of anemia

A

MCV and MCHC

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2
Q

Identify the anemia:

Aplastic Anemia

A

Normocytic, normochromic with normal or decreased Reticulocyte count

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3
Q

Drug most frequently implicated in acquired aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

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4
Q

Identify the anemia:

Renal Disease

A

Normocytic, normochromic with normal or decreased Reticulocyte count

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5
Q

Most common of the inherited aplastic anemias

A

Fanconi Anemia

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6
Q

Identify the anemia:

G6PD deficiency

A

Normocytic, normochromic with high reticulocyte count

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7
Q

Classical symptoms associated with anemia

A

Fatigue and shortness of breath

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8
Q

Patients who experience pagophagia are usually associated with this type of anemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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9
Q

Patients with tachycardia may experience a rapid fall in _ concentration

A

Hemoglobin

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10
Q

Hemoglobin concentration of 7-10g/dL

A

Moderate Anemia

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11
Q

Hemoglobin concentration of <7g/dL

A

Sever Anemia

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12
Q

Tissue hypoxia triggers an (increased/decreased) 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate

A

Increased

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13
Q

The patient is found to be anemic. What is the next test that should be done?

A

Reticulocyte count

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14
Q

Microcytosis histogram

A

Shift to the left

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15
Q

Macrocytosis histogram

A

Shift to the right

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16
Q

Coefficient of variation of RBC volume expressed as a percentage

A

Red cell Distribution Width

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17
Q

Adult reference interval for the reticulocyte count

A

0.5.-2.5%

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18
Q

Newborn reference interval for the reticulocyte count

A

1.5-6%

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19
Q

MCV 53fL

RBC diameter: 5um

A

Microcytic anemia

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20
Q

Most common form of microcytic anemia

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

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21
Q

Small cells with increased central pallor

A

Microcytic, hypochromic anemia

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22
Q

Associated conditions with Microcytic, Hypochromic anemia

A

TAILS

  1. Thalassemia
  2. Anemia of Chronic Inflammation
  3. Iron Deficiency Anemia
  4. Lead poisoning
  5. Sideroblastic anemia
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23
Q

Most common anemia among hospitalized patients

A

Anemia of chronic inflammation

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24
Q

Central feature of anemia of chronic inflammation

A

Sideropenia (low serum iron despite abundant iron body stores)

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25
Q

Anemia wherein incorporation of iron into porphyrin is prevented

A

Sideroblastic anemia (Iron: “Sider”)

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26
Q

Nucleated RBC precursor with cytoplasmic iron granules

a. Sideroblast
b. Siderocyte

A

Sideroblast

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27
Q

Anucleated RBC precursor with iron granules

a. Sideroblast
b. Siderocyte

A

Siderocyte

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28
Q

Anemia wherein iron is trapped in the mitochondria

A

Sideroblastic anemia

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29
Q

Hallmark of sideroblastic anemia

A

Ring sideroblasts (mitochondria loaded with iron)

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30
Q

Liver disease
Chronic alcoholism
Bone marrow failure

A

Macrocytic, normochromic nonmegaloblastic anemia

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31
Q

Pernicious anemia may cause deficiency in _

A

Vitamin B12

32
Q

Characterized by the presence of antibodies in the parietal cells of the stomach and destroys the intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious anemia

33
Q

Competition with this parasite may decrease Vitamin B12 absorption

A

D. latum

34
Q

Infection of this parasite may decrease the intrinsic factor of the parietal cells in the stomach

A

H. pylori

35
Q

It is the root cause of megaloblastic anemia

A

Impaired DNA Synthesis

36
Q

Hypersegmentation of neutrophils (>6) is typically found in what anemia

A

Megaloblastic anemia

37
Q

Macrocytic, normochromic anemia

A

Megaloblastic anemia and non-megaloblastic anemia

38
Q

The characteristic shape of macrocytes in non-megaloblastic anemia

A

Round

39
Q

The characteristic shape of macrocytes in megaloblastic anemia

A

Oval

40
Q

Vitamin B12 is only obtained from

A

Animal sources

41
Q

Three types of anemia based on the morphologic classification

A
  1. Normocytic, normochromic
  2. Microcytic, hypochromic
  3. Macrocytic, normochromic
42
Q

Normocytic, normochromic anemias with normal or decreased reticulocyte count

A
  1. Aplastic anemia

2. Renal Disease

43
Q

Donath-Landsteiner Hemolytic Anemia may also be called as

A

Paroxysmal cold Hemoglobinuria

44
Q

Type of anemia in

  1. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
  2. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
  3. Sickle Cell
  4. G6PD and PK deficiency
  5. Other hemolytic anemias
A

Normocytic, normochromic with increased reticulocyte count

Why? Extravascular/ Intravascular hemolysis is high in these conditions

45
Q

Why is renal disease classified as normocytic, normochromic anemia with normal or reduced reticulocyte count?

A

Kidneys will not be able to produce EPO that will promote erythropoiesis

46
Q

Impaired production of heme

A

Porphyrias

47
Q

Lead poisoning is an example of what heme disorder

A

Acquired porphyria

48
Q

Congenital Erythropoietic porphyria is deficient with what particular enzyme?

A

Uroporphyrinogen III synthase

49
Q

The deficient enzyme in erythropoietic protoporphyria

A

Ferrochelatase

50
Q

A gain of function of the ALA-synthase 2 enzyme may lead to

A

X-linked Erythropoietic Protoporphyria

51
Q

A primary cause of porphyrias

A

Deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway

52
Q

Deposition of accumulated products in impaired heme synthesis may lead to

A

Photosensitivity

53
Q

It is due to the differences in the arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

A

Hemoglobinopathies

54
Q

Most common hemoglobinopathies

A

Beta-hemoglobinopathies

55
Q

Two types of beta-hemoglobinopathies

A
  1. Homozygous beta-hemoglobinopathies

2. Heterozygous beta-hemoglobinopathies

56
Q

Type of hemoglobinopathy where both beta genes are mutated

A

Homozygous beta-hemoglobinopathies

57
Q

Genotype of Sickle cell disease

A

Hb SS

58
Q

Genotype of Hb C disease

A

Hb CC

59
Q

Genotype of Sickle cell trait

A

Hb AS

60
Q

Genotype of Hb C trait

A

Hb AC

61
Q

Identify the hemoglobinopathy: 6GLU–>VAL

A

Hb S

62
Q

Identify the hemoglobinopathy: 6GLU–>LYS

A

Hb C

63
Q

Identify the hemoglobinopathy: 26GLU–>LYS

A

Hb E

64
Q

Hb M-Saskatoon, Hb M-Milwauee-1, Hb M-Milwaukee-2

A

M Hemoglobins (Associated with Methemoglobinemia and Cyanosis)

65
Q

Hemoglobinopathies associated with Increased Oxygen affinity

A

Hiroshima, Rainier, Bethesda

66
Q

Hemoglobinopathies associated with Decreased Oxygen affinity

A

Agenogi, Beth Israel, Yoshizuka

67
Q

When does sickling happen in patients with sickle cell anemia?

A

After oxygen is released from the RBC

68
Q

Difference of sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease

A

Disease: Copy of 2 altered hemoglobin (SS)
Train: Copy of 1 altered hemoglobin (AS)

69
Q

Patients with sickle cell are resistant to what type of parasite?

A

P. vivax

70
Q

Primary screening test to detect variant hemoglobins

A

Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis

71
Q

Confirmatory test for Hb S

A

Citrate Agar Electropheresis

72
Q

Screening tests for Hemoglobin S

A
  1. Sodium metabisulfite
  2. Sodium dithionate tube test
  3. Cellulose Acetate
73
Q

Two crystals related to Hb C

A

Hb SC crystals & Hb CC crystals

74
Q

Characteristic of crystals in Hb SC

A

Washington Monument in the periphery

75
Q

Characteristic of crystals in Hb CC

A

Bars of gold within the membrane

Hematology 1 (13 decks)

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