10.2

Question 1

the cells will continue to grow and divide Until…

Answer 1

until they meet up with other cells.

Question 2

Genetic information is bundled into packages of DNA known as

Answer 2

chromosomes

Question 3

In prokaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into

Answer 3

a single, circular chromosome.

Question 4

It is present in the cytoplasm of the prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

The chromosomes in eukaryotic cells form a complex of chromosome and protein called as

Answer 5

chromatin

Question 6

DNA tightly coils around the histones, and together, the DNA and histone molecules form structures called

Answer 6

nucleosomes

Question 7

Apoptosis

Answer 7

A process of programmed cell death

Question 8

Chromosomes shape is

Answer 8

duplicated chromosome with supercoiled chromatin.

Question 9

In eukaryotic cells, DNA is packaged into

Answer 9

multiple chromosomes

Question 10

Cells go through a series of events known as the

Answer 10

cell cycle

Question 11

Binary fission an example

Answer 11

of asexual reproduction that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the single parent cell.

Question 12

The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases:

Answer 12

G1, S, G2, and M

Question 13

The life of a cell is one cell division after another separated by an “in-between” period of growth called

Answer 13

interphase

Question 14

Interphase is divided into three parts

Answer 14

G1, S, and G2

Question 15

G1 Phase: cell growth

Answer 15

Cell increase in size and synthesize new proteins and organelles.

Question 16

S phase: DNA replication

Answer 16

New DNA is synthesized when the chromosomes are replicated.

Question 17

G2 Phase: preparing for cell division

Answer 17

It is the shortest of the three phases of interphase.

•Many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced.

Question 18

M phase: Cell division

Answer 18

Cell division takes place quickly.

• Cell division occurs in two main stages.
• The first stage, division of the cell nucleus called mitosis.
• The second stage, the division of the cytoplasm called cytokinesis.

Question 19

Mitosis occurs in four phases

Answer 19

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.

Question 20

Prophase: The duplicated strands of the DNA are joined together by a

Answer 20

centromere

Question 21

Prophase: Each strand is referred as

Answer 21

chromatid or sister chromatids.

Question 22

Prophase: Spindle fibers forms and extend from a region called
where tiny paired structures called ______ are located.

Answer 22

centrosome

centrioles

Question 23

Prophase: The nuclear membrane

Answer 23

Breaks apart

Question 24

Metaphase

Answer 24

The centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.

Question 25

Anaphase

Answer 25

The chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 26

Telophase

Answer 26

Nuclear envelopes reform, the spindle begins to break apart, and the cell membrane begins to pinch together along the middle of the cell.

Question 27

Cytokinesis | the cell membrane pinches in the center to form two daughter cells.

Answer 27

In animal cells

Question 28

Cytokinesis a structure known as the cell plate forms between the divided nuclei, the cell plate gradually develops into cell membranes that separate the two daughter cells.

Answer 28

In plant cells

Question 29

When will cells at the edge of the broken bone likely stop dividing rapidly?

Answer 29

when they meet up with neighboring cells, meaning the bone is healed.

Question 30

Cyclins:

Answer 30

proteins that regulate the cell cycle

Question 31

The cell cycle is controlled by the regulatory proteins both

Answer 31

inside and outside the cell.

Question 32

Internal regulators:

Answer 32

respond to events inside the cell | • let cell cycle proceed only when certain steps have already happened

Question 33

External regulators:

Answer 33

respond to events outside the cell • direct cells to speed up or slow down the cell cycle • growth factors: wound healing and embryonic development

Question 34

is a disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control growth.

Answer 34

Cancer

Question 35

Cancer cells form a mass of cells called

Answer 35

tumor

Question 36

Some tumors _ are others are _.

Answer 36

cancerous | benign

Question 37

Cancer: Uncontrolled Cell Growth

Answer 37

- Cancer cells don’t respond to normal regulatory signals. - Cell cycle is disrupted. - Cells grow and divide uncontrollably.

Question 38

Cancer Formation:

Answer 38

A cell begins to divide abnormally. 2. Cells produce a tumor and start to displace normal cells and tissues. 3. Cancer cells move to other parts of the body.

Question 39

What causes cancer?

Answer 39

Cancers are caused by defect in genes called p53 that regulate cell growth and division.

Question 40

Treatments for Cancer

Answer 40

Surgery to remove localized tumor * Radiation to destroy cancer cell DNA * Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells or slow their growth