Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Body Logistics > 10.2 - Dermatology Diseases > Flashcards

10.2 - Dermatology Diseases Flashcards

(39 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the words to describe small and large lumps

A
  • papule are small (less than 5mm)
  • nodules are larger (more than 5mm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the words to describe small and larger water blisters

A
  • vesicle is small water blister
  • bulla is larger water blister
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the word to describe pus-filled vesicle

A

Pustule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the word for redness

A

Erythema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the word to describe a non-palpable area of discolouration (large and small)

A
  • macule are small
  • patch are larger (2cm +) macules
  • Non-palpable means its in line with skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a palpable, flat topped area (greater than 2cm)

A

Plaque
Palpable – raised from skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the medical word for a scratch

A

Excoriation (mention the length of them)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Word for stretch marks

A

Striae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Word for itch

A

Pruritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does ‘atrophy’ mean

A

Thinning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a telangiectasia

A
  • A thread vein
  • Can be normal or pathological
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ichthyosis

A

Scaling of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the words for loss of epidermis, and loss of epidermis + dermis

A
  • erosion if loss of epidermis (eg scrape of knee). Superficial
  • ulcer if loss of epidermis and dermis (eg due to venous insufficiency.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is lichenification

A

Thickening of the skin with exaggerated skin markings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the words for too much hair and too little/thinning hair

A

What are the words for too much hair and too little/thinning hair
- hirsutism is too much hair
- alopecia is too little hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The process of inflammation results from three major events…

Study These Flashcards
A
  • vasodilation - cells coming into inflamed areas
  • increased microvascular permeability resulting in production of protein rich exudate, so body can fight off infection
  • influx of leukocytes
17
Q

Main signs + symptoms of inflammation

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Rubor (redness/erythema)
  • Tumor (growing/swelling)
  • Calor (heat)
  • Dolor (pain)
  • Functio laesa (loss of function eg joint inflammation)
18
Q

Features and possible causes of psoriasis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Presence of acanthosis (thicker layer that is raised from the skin)
  • Reduced epidermal transit time of keratinocyte from basal → superficial layer (stratum corneum) ☞ results in thicker layer of epidermis
  • Erythema – due to increased vascularity of the upper dermis → more blood
    cause: may be inherited, since family members suffer from psoriasis simultaneously. There may be triggers that can cause a flare up in individuals with an underlying presdisposition to psoriasis. Triggers on different card.
19
Q

What are some common psoriasis triggers

Study These Flashcards
A

these can trigger a flare-up in individuals who are already predisposed to psoriasis
- An injury to skin
- Excessive alcohol
- Smoking
- Stress
- Hormonal changes (more important in women, eg puberty + menopause)
- Certain medications (eg lithium, antimalarial meds, anti-inflammatory, ACE inhibitors)
- Other immune disorders

20
Q

How to differentiate between eczema + psoriasis

Study These Flashcards
A

usually found on extensor surfaces, whereas eczema usually on flexor surfaces
- Psoriasis found on knees, elbows, forehead
- Eczema usually found behind knees + elbows

21
Q

What are some other common signs of psoriasis (not plaques on skin)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Pitting of nails
  • Increased growth of nail, causing separation of the nail from the nail bed (nails also have keratin)
  • Joint problem
22
Q

Treatment of psoriasis

Study These Flashcards
A

topical
- Emollients
- Salicyclic acid
- Topical steroids
- Vitamin D analogues
systemic
- Psoralen + PUVA (UV light treatment)
- Cytotoxic drugs
- Retinoids (caution women of childbearing age)
- Monoclonal antibodies

23
Q

What is atopy

Study These Flashcards
A

Asthma, hayfever and eczema all together

24
Q

What is eczema + it’s features

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
  • A chronic dermatological disease
  • Can be found all over the body, but most commonly on flexor surfaces eg back of wrists, behind knees and behind elbows
  • Very itchy and red
25
What are the causes of eczema
**internal** - born with it. Usually with atopy (triad of asthma, hayfever and eczema) **external** - where skin is irritated by something. Often occupation-related eg by chemicals
26
What are some treatments of eczema
**topical** - Emollients - Topical steroids - Topical immunosuppressants **systemic** - Anti-histamines - Immunosuppressants
27
What is malignant melanoma + features
- Skin cancer very common - Most melanomas occur in the trunk or legs - Most common on scalp in bald people (due to extra exposure to UV light) - Different stages, depending on how deep they go - Eg stage III is spread to lymph nodes, stage IV is where they spread to other organs
28
What are some risk factors for malignant melanoma
- Some families have genetic predisposition to melanoma - This can be caused by a mutation in the CDKN2A cell regulatory gene - Non-inherited mutations eg BRAF can also affect cell growth regulation, and have been identified in melanoma patients - Sun exposure + insufficient sun protection - Type of skin: more common in paler people due to having less melanin
29
What are some treatments for malignant melanoma
- Wide local excision: removal of melanoma and surrounding tissue - Radiotherapy and chemotherapy - This is decided based on the type of cancer and how deep it is
30
What is vitiligo and it’s symptoms
**skin no longer producing melanin → becomes depigmentated** ☞ Pale white patches develop on skin ☞ more at risk of UV damage on patches ☞ Two types – segmental + non-segmental ☞ usually occurs before age 30 ☞ most commonly affects: - Skin around mouth and eyes - Fingers and wrists - Armpits - Genitals + groin - Inside the mouth
31
What is the difference between segmented + non-segmented vitiligo
**segmented** = non symmetrical patches on both sides **non-segmented** = symmetrical
32
What are the causes of vitiligo
- **autoimmune** where immune system destroys melanocytes - **trigger** eg stress - **hereditary** - **environment** eg more UV - **risk factors** eg if already have other immune conditions like T1 DM, anaemia, addison’s, lupus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
33
What are the common treatments and management of vitiligo
- Topical steroids - Calcineurin inhibitors (immunosuppressants) eg tacrolimus/pimecrolimus - Cosmetic camoflague (makeup) - Sunscreen for preventative
34
What is alopecia areata + its causes
- Spot baldness - Usually found on scalp - Autoimmune cause
35
What are some treatments/management of alopecia areata
- Topical steroids - Calcineurin inhibitors (immunosuppressants) eg tacrolimus - Cosmetic methods eg wigs - Psychological impact: anxiety and depression
36
What is acne and it’s common symptoms/signs
- Skin condition that affects sebaceous glands - Commonly found on face and back (areas that have most oil) - Papules, pustules, nodules, cysts, scars and comedones (open or closed)
37
What are open and closed comedones
- **open** ie blackheads. Skin pigments - **closed** ie whiteheads. Due to hair follicle and pit being closed
38
What are some common causes + triggers of acne
- **hormones** eg androgens stimulate sebaceous glands to make more sebum - **medications** eg corticosteroids, lithium and testosterone - **diet** carbohydrate rich foods may worsen acne - **stress** may exacerbate acne
39
what are some common treatments for acne
- Treatment depends on acne - Lifestyle factors eg diet and stress management, adjusting medications - Topical agents → oral agents → surgical/intralesional injections + stronger oral agents - Note that skin may become hyperpigmented, hypopigmented or scarred even after acne has cleared

Body Logistics (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions