10.2 The five kingdoms

Question 1

Name all five of Robert Whittaker’s kingdoms. (5 marks)

Answer 1

Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

Question 2

Define the term heterotrophic. (1 mark)

Answer 2

Feed on other organisms.

Question 3

Define the term autotrophic. (1 mark)

Answer 3

Make their own food.

Question 4

Define the term saprophytic. (1 mark)

Answer 4

Feed on decaying matter.

Question 5

Describe four main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom prokaryotae. (4 marks)

Question 6

Describe five main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom protoctista. ( 5 marks)

Question 7

Describe six main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom fungi. (6 marks)

Question 8

Describe six main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom plantae. (6 marks)

Question 9

Describe six main characteristics of the organisms in the kingdom animalia. (6 marks)

Question 10

Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom prokaryotae. (1 mark)

Answer 10

Autotrophic or by absorption

Question 11

Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom protoctista. (1 mark)

Answer 11

Autotrophic and/or heterotrophic

Question 12

Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom fungi. (1 mark)

Answer 12

Saprophytic and/or absorption

Question 13

Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom plantae. (1 mark)

Answer 13

Autotrophic

Question 14

Describe the feeding mechanism of the organisms in the kingdom animalia. (1 mark)

Answer 14

Heterotrophic

Question 15

Are prokaryotae unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)

Answer 15

Unicellular

Question 16

Are protoctista unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)

Answer 16

Mainly unicellular

Question 17

Are fungi unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)

Answer 17

Unicellular or multicellular

Question 18

Are plantae unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)

Answer 18

Multicellular

Question 19

Are animalia unicellular or multicellular? (1 mark)

Answer 19

Multicellular

Question 20

Name the kingdom that does not have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. (1 mark)

Answer 20

Prokaryotae

Question 21

Is the DNA in prokayotae linear or circular? (1 mark)

Answer 21

Circular

Question 22

Define the term sessile. (1 mark)

Answer 22

Can’t move.

Question 23

Define the term locomotion. (1 mark)

Answer 23

The movement or the ability to move from one place to the other.

Question 24

Do fungi contain chloroplasts? (1 mark)

Answer 24

No.

Question 25

What are the cell membranes made out of in fungi? (1 mark)

Answer 25

Chitin.

Question 26

What two things are the bodies of fungi usually made of? (2 marks)

Answer 26

Mycelium or threads of hyphae.

Question 27

How do fungi store their food? (1 mark)

Answer 27

Glycogen

Question 28

Name the two kingdoms that contain organelles that have chloroplasts. (2 marks)

Answer 28

Protoctista (some) Plantae (all)

Question 29

How do plantae store food? (1 mark)

Answer 29

As starch.

Question 30

What are the cell walls of plantae made of? (1 mark)

Answer 30

Cellulose

Question 31

How is food stored in animalia? (1 mark)

Answer 31

As glycogen.

Question 32

Name the three domains. (3 marks)

Answer 32

Eukarya Archaea Bacteria

Question 33

How were the three domains established? (2 marks)

Answer 33

Using differences in the sequences of RNA, lipid structure, and sensitivity to antibiotics.

Question 34

How many proteins does the RNA polymerase of the three domains contain? (3 marks)

Answer 34

Eukarya= 12 Archaea= 10 Bacteria= 5

Question 35

What size ribosomes do the organelles in each of the three domains contain? (3 marks)

Answer 35

Eukarya= 80s Archaea= 70s Bacteria= 70s

Question 36

In the three domain system, which kingdom from the five kingdom system is split into two separate kingdoms, and what into? (3 marks)

Answer 36

Original kingdom: Prokaryotae The new kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Question 37

What do the cell walls of archaebacteria contain? (1 mark)

Answer 37

Peptidoglycan

Question 38

What kind of environments do archaebacteria live in, in comparison to eubacteria? (1 mark)

Answer 38

Extreme environments