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Year 3 > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary biliary sclerosis Test

A

Anti mitochondrial antibody

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2
Q

Treatment of PBC

A

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

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3
Q

PSC test

A

pANCA

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4
Q

Association with UC - PBC or PSC

A

PSC

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5
Q

Risk of cholangiocarcinoma

A

PSC

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6
Q

Onion skin lesions

A

PSC

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7
Q

Association with immune conditions such as Thyroid

A

PBC

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8
Q

t2d with abnormal LFTs

A

Non alcoholic fatty liver disease

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9
Q

Small bowel overgrowth syndrome diagnosis

A

Hydrogen breath test

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10
Q

SAAG >11

A

Portal hypertension

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11
Q

SAAG <11

A

Malignancy, infection, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome

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12
Q

Variceal hemorrhage management

A

Terlipressin

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13
Q

Prophylactic Antibiotics in cirrhosis

A

Quinolones are used

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14
Q

Endoscopic treatment of Variceal hemorrhage

A

Band ligation > Sclerotherapy

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15
Q

Uncontrolled hemorrhage

A

Sengstaken-Blakemore tube

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16
Q

Prophylaxis of variceal hemorrhage

A

Propranolol

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17
Q

Modified Glasgow scale - Pancreatitis

A

PO2, age, WBC >, hypocalcemia, urea, LDH, Albumin and sugar(BG)

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18
Q

De Musset’s sign

A

Aortic Regurgitation

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19
Q

Quinke’s Sign

A

Nailbed pulsation- AR

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20
Q

Most sensitive and specific lab findings indicating cirrhosis in CLD

A

Thrombocytopenia

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21
Q

H Pylori eradication

A

Omeprazole, amoxicillin and Clarithromycin

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22
Q

PSC diagnostic test- Gold standard

A

ERCP/MRCP- beaded appearance

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23
Q

Treatment of C. Difficile

A

Oral metronidazole 1st line

Severe? Oral metronidazole + IV vancomycin

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24
Q

IBD management Ladder

A
  1. Mesalazine
  2. Oral azathioprine or mercaptopurin - maintain remission
  3. Calcinuerin inhibitors- Induce remission if steroids are insufficient
  4. INFLIXIMAB to induce remission
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25
Q

Diagnosis of Toxic megacolon

A

Abdominal XR

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26
Q

Diagnostic intervention for Acute pancreatitis

A

Clinical Diagnosis first if clear picture
Rule out Gallstones using USS
Bile duct stones not on USS - MRCP

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27
Q

Lead pipe appearance on AXR

A

UC

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28
Q

Flare management in UC

A

IV corticosteroid- Hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone

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29
Q

Double duct sign on CT

A

Pancreatic cancer

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30
Q

Pigmented gall stones

A

Sickle cell anemia

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31
Q

Mesalazine can commonly cause what complication

A

Acute pancreatitis

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32
Q

A very high ALT in a patient with mental health problems

A

Paracetamol overdose

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33
Q

Gold standard coeliac disease

A

Duodenal biopsy

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34
Q

Abdominal pain, diarrhoea, and flushing; Bronchospasm, and hepatic Metastasis

A

Carcinoid tumour

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35
Q

Management of severe alcoholic liver disease

A

Corticosteroids

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36
Q

Retro Hepaticus

A

Sweet and fecal breath - Liver failure

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37
Q

Dysphagia, Aspiration pneumonia, halitosis and elderly

A

Pharyngeal pouch

Diagnosis - barium swallow

38
Q

A low bicarbonate ion in bloody diarrhoea is an indicative of

A

Mesenteric ischemia

39
Q

Triad of dysphagia, Glossitis, iron-deficiency anemia

A

Plummer-Vinson Syndrome

40
Q

Woman, Fever, malaise and jaundice, Moderate hepatomegaly.

Anti-smooth muscle antibody positive and anti-nuclear antibody positive

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

41
Q

Management of cord prolapse

A

elevate presenting part manually or filling the urinary bladder.

42
Q

AST>ALT

A

Alcohol related disease

43
Q

First line management for IBS diarrhoea

A

Loperamide

44
Q

Only bilirubin raised on blood test; worse on dehydration

A

Gilbert syndrome

45
Q

Bilirubin very very high and not Gilbert syndrome

A

crigler-Najjar Syndrome

46
Q

Transfuse in a normal patient

A

<70 Hb

47
Q

Coagulation impaired

A

Fresh frozen plasma

48
Q

ex-smoker, weight loss, dysphagia over time

A

Esophageal cancer

49
Q

Surgical management of Ulcerative colitis

A

Pan-protocolectomy

50
Q

Surgical management of UC in acute patient; failed medical treatment

A

Sub-total colectomy

51
Q

IVDU patient and Acute liver disease

A

hepatitis C

52
Q

Obesity and diabetic - Liver disease

A

non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

53
Q

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

A

related to UC; antibody- pANCA; ursodeoxycolic acid is treatment

54
Q

PBC

A

Antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) and IgM

55
Q

IgM high, HIgh ALT and travel to endemic regions

A

Hepatitis A

56
Q

Iron deficiency + Glossitis + angular stomatitis + Esophageal webs

A

Plummer vinson syndrome

57
Q

progressive dysphagia + GERD + No weight loss

A

Benign peptic stricture

58
Q

Metaplasia of distal esophagus

A

Barrets (Squamous to columnar epithelium)

59
Q

Acute severe colitis, megacolon >6cm and

A

Toxic megacolon

60
Q

Antibiotic treatment before diarrhea; Raised WBC, raised CRP

A

C. Difficile

61
Q

symptoms worse after use of steroids

A

gastroenteritis; Dysentery

62
Q

gold standard for CD

A

endoscopy and duodenal biopsy

63
Q

Endoscopic surveillance with biopsy in what condition

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

64
Q

Confirmation of H. Pylori eradication

A

Stool antigen test

65
Q

pain relived by meals

A

Duodenal ulcer

66
Q

Pain worsened by meals

A

Gastric ulcer

67
Q

Maintain remission in UC

A

Mild to moderate - Aminosalicylate

Severe: Azathioprine or 6MTP

68
Q

Commonest cause of HCC in UK

A

Hepatitis C

69
Q

Acanthus is Nigricans is associated with what cancer

A

Gastric cancer

70
Q

Diabetic, severe pain in anus, spiking temperature

A

Perianal abscess

71
Q

Barretts with metaplasia

A

Endoscopic surveillance

72
Q

If dysplasia on Barretts

A

Endoscopic mucosal resection and Radiofrequency ablation

73
Q

Achalasia increases the risk of what cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

74
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

Adenocarcinoma

75
Q

Carcinoid diagnosis

A

Urinary 5-HIAA

76
Q

Deranged LFTs + Secondary amenorrhea in a young woman

A

Autoimmune hepatitis

77
Q

Treatment of Wilson’s disease

A

Penicillamine

78
Q

After USS what should be next investigation in PSC

A

MRCP

79
Q

What artery runs posterior to the 1st and 2nd part of duodenum and cause peptic ulcer bleeding

A

Gastroduodenal artery

80
Q

Pancreatic pseudo cyst management

A

1st line - conservative

2nd line: Aspiration or Endoscopic Cystogastrostomy

81
Q

Grey-Turners sign

A

Pancreatic hemorrhage

82
Q

Sudden onset abdominal pain + Ascites + Tender hepatomegaly + deranged Hepatic enzymes and ALP

A

Budd-chairi syndrome

83
Q

Wilson’s disease - Serum ceruloplasmin, total serum copper and 24 hour urine copper

A

Serum Ceruloplasmin and copper is decreased

24 hour urine copper is increased

84
Q

Mackler triad: Vomiting + thoracic pain + S/C emphysema

A

Boerhaave syndrome

85
Q

Antibiotics linked to Clostridium difficile or pseudomembranous colitis

A

Cefaclor or cephalosporins (Clindamycin)

86
Q

SBO + air in biliary tree

A

Gallstone lieus

87
Q

Vomiting + chest pain after eating a large meal + systematic upset

A

Boerhaave syndrome

88
Q

Dude is just feeling ill bro

A

Duodenum - iron
Jejunum - Folate
Ileum - B12

89
Q

Bloody diarrhoea and eye symptoms

A

Ulcerative Colitis

90
Q

What will differentiate Celiac and Crohn’s Disease

A

High ESR

Year 3 (11 decks)

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