Monroe + JQ Adams 1817 - 1828 Flashcards
This deck describes the changes in the American economy in the years before the Civil War, as it was transformed by new inventions, proto-industrialization, and efforts to increase trade.
What’s the 2nd phase of the 2nd Great Awakening known for (1810 - 1825)?
The religious revivals known as “burned-over districts”, which had “set the area on fire with religious devotion”, were created during this phase.
One of the most prominent people of the 2nd Great Awakening was Charles Grandison Finney, a Presbyterian Minister who preached about God at camp meetings in upstate New York, creating more burned-over districts.
Upstate New York was known as “The Burned-Over District.” Why?
Upstate New York saw large numbers of revival meetings, where ministers such as Charles G. Finney converted so many people that the area was lit with the “fire of religious devotion”.
Upstate New York also saw the birth of new Christian sects including Seventh Day Adventism and Mormonism.
Who was America’s first popular writer?
Washington Irving
Irving specialized in short stories, such as the Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip van Winkle, and gained a large audience on both sides of the Atlantic.
Irving was one of the first writers to write with the avowed purpose of entertainment, rather than to inform his audience.
The earliest factories in the north were labor-intensive and consequently suffered from severe manpower shortages. How did they make up for these shortfalls?
Several factories hired women, some of whom worked in the Lowell System, where workers lived and labored at the factory. Children as young as seven were employed throughout the Northeast.
The Lowell System, which offered a safe space for women to work, began in the early 1820s.
Roughly speaking, what were the three main sections of the country during the Antebellum Period?
The three main sections of the country were the North, the South, and the West. The West was generally considered anything beyond the Mississippi River.
What are three good examples of sectionalism?
Beginning in the 1820s, the interests of the sections of the country began to diverge.
- The South resented the Tariff of Abominations, which was being used to fund improvements such as roads and canals in the West and North.
- Westerners did not like the Bank of the United States, which they felt was being used by Northern merchants to enhance their wealth.
- The North disliked slavery, which was fundamental to the South’s economic prosperity.
In Antebellum America, which section of the country saw the largest influx of immigrants?
Most immigrants settled in the North.
While Irish immigrants remained in many of the urban centers on the Eastern seaboard, Germans took up residence in the Old Northwest (the states that made up the Northwestern Territories), starting farms in locations such as Minnesota, Ohio, and Indiana.
Besides immigrants, what other group migrated in significant numbers to the Old Northwest?
The Old Northwest became the new home of many migrants who left New England. Their migration was the first of many that would continue to push the frontier ever farther westward, and they brought with them much of the culture of the New England colonies.
Only a limited number of Blacks lived in the North. How were they treated generally?
Blacks in the North had limited property, voting, and legal rights, and received lower wages than whites.
Much like the Irish in the South, many of the Northern Irish resented Blacks as the only inferior group in the social hierarchy.
Complete the sentence:
Cotton was the South’s largest product, but the South did grow other agricultural products, including ____ and ______.
tobacco; rice
Both tobacco and rice also required large amounts of slave labor. Cotton, however, took precedent over both.
Define:
Mountain Men
Mountain Men such as Kit Carson and Jim Bridger were primarily fur trappers and hunters. They were some of the earliest explorers of the American West, following in the footsteps of Lewis and Clark.
As Americans pushed ever westward, many of these same Mountain Men served to guide the wagon trains over the Rocky Mountains. A large number of these men married American Indian and Hispanic women.
During the Antebellum period, most Native Americans lived west of the Mississippi River. How did they survive?
Most Indians lived a nomadic existence, aided by the introduction of the horse. Indian villages were mobile, and the tribes in the Great Plains and Upper Midwest followed the massive buffalo herds that roamed the prairies.
Describe the lives of women on the Western frontier.
The life of a frontier woman was most often nasty, brutish, and short:
- Most farm houses were miles away from neighbors, and isolation was intense.
- A frontier woman not only had to help her husband in the field, but was responsible for keeping house, cooking, and tending to the sick.
- Many women died in childbirth, or succumbed to disease.
Complete the sentence:
Completed in 1825, the _____ _____ connected New York City and Buffalo by water.
Erie Canal
The Canal’s completion allowed goods to be shipped to New York via the Great Lakes from as far away as Wisconsin, and the Canal soon rivaled the Mississippi River as the nation’s aquatic highway.
What change in business law in the early 1820s revolutionized the way in which companies raised capital?
In the early 1820s, New York permitted the formation of corporations. A corporation allows many individuals to purchase a percentage of ownership (known as a share).
By allowing companies to issue stock to raise funds, corporations were able to invest capital in property, plants, and equipment, speeding the growth of manufacturing.
