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BIO202 > Hematology > Flashcards

Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Blood can be divided into _________ and _________

A

Plasma and plasma components make up the ______

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2
Q

Plasma is primarily _______

A

water is the primary substance in ________

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3
Q

The major category of proteins within the plasma is ________

A

Albumins are the major category of proteins within the _______

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4
Q

What do albumins do?

A

______ give blood its osmolarity and influences the flow of blood

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5
Q

Where are albumins made?

A

The liver is where _____ are made

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6
Q

Where are most transport proteins made?

A

The liver makes most ________

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7
Q

what is an iron binding protein?

A

hemoglobin is an iron ____ protein

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8
Q

what does the suffix -ogen mean?

A

_____ is the suffix for something that is inactive

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9
Q

Aminoacids and nitrogenous wastes are two forms of

A

nitrogenous compounds include ______ and _______

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10
Q

uria, creatinine and uric acid are all ________

A

three forms of nitrogenous wastes are _______

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11
Q

The breakdown (remaining) products of amino acids

A

uria is the ___________

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12
Q

When cells are broken down, the remaining DNA waste products make up

A

uric acid

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13
Q

two broken down creatine molecules put together

A

creatinine

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14
Q

What is the raw material used for Aerobic respiration in the body?

A

glucose

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15
Q

What primarily does hemostasis?

A

Platelets aide in blood clotting to prevent blood loss

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16
Q

Where are blood cells made?

A

In the marrow of the bone

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17
Q

erythrocyte means ________ while hemocyctoblasts refers to ________

A

Red blood cells are called ________ while stem cells are called ______

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18
Q

EPO is a hormone produced by the ______ that gives rise to _________

A

______ is a hormone produced by the kidneys that gives rise to red blood cells

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19
Q

how do erythrocytes reduce size?

A

By losing their nuclei _______ reduce size

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20
Q

The stimulus for erythropoiesis is ______

A

low levels of oxygen is the stimulus for _______

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21
Q

What are the five main functions of blood?

A

Respiration, Transportation, Thermoregulation, Defense, and Hemostasis

22
Q

Hormones secreted by mature white blood cells that signal red bone marrow to produce more white blood cells

A

colony stimulating factors

23
Q

T/F white blood cells typically remain in the blood stream.

A

False! most white blood cells typically leave the blood stream

24
Q

what type of white blood cells leave the blood stream in 8 hours and live 5 days after that?

A

Granulocytes leave the blood stream in 8 hours and live 5 days after that

25
Q

what type of white blood cells leave the blood stream in 20 hours, turn into macrophages and live for several years after that?

A

monocytes leave the blood stream in ______, turn into ________ and live for several ______ after that

26
Q

What are white blood cells that provide long term immunity and can last decades?

A

B and T lymphocytes provide _____ and can last _______

27
Q

What are the three granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils make up the three categories of ______

28
Q

When someone has strep throat (a bacterial infection), it can be expected that the amount of ________ will increase

A

When someone has ______, it can be expected that the amount of neutrophils will increase

29
Q

What are the functions of neutrophils?

A
  1. Phagocytosis of bacteria

2. Release of antimicrobial chemicals

30
Q

When someone has a tapeworm (a parasitic infection), it can be expected that the amount of ________ will increase

A

When someone has ______, it can be expected that the amount of eosinophils will increase

31
Q

When someone has an allergic reaction, it can be expected that the amount of ________ will increase

A

When someone has ______, it can be expected that the amount of eosinophils will increase

32
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils?

A
  1. phagocytosis of antigen-antibody complexes and allergens

2. Release of enzymes that destroy parasites

33
Q

Do fetal blood cells carry a different type of hemoglobin than adult cells? With a greater affinity for oxygen

A

Yes

34
Q

Fetal hemoglobin allow the baby to absorb ______ from the mother through the ______

A

__________ allow the baby to ______ oxygen from the mother through the placenta

35
Q

There are _____ different blood groups and within groups, blood types are based off ______

A
  1. 35

2. Antigens

36
Q

during pregnancy ______ and ______ appear on the surface of each blood cell, these are called. _____

A

during ______ proteins and sugars appear on the _______ of each blood cell, these are called antigens

37
Q

the O allele, codes for a protein that is _______; it m akes no ________.

A

_______, codes for a _____ that is not functional; it makes no surface molecules at all.

38
Q

Donor: A+, A-, O+, O-

A

Recipient: A+

39
Q

Donor: A-, O-

A

Recipient: A-

40
Q

The globulins form the ______ major class of plasma ______

A

________ form the second major class of plasma proteins

41
Q

Globulins include ________ and some plasma _______ proteins

A

________ include antibodies and some plasma transport proteins

42
Q

Clotting factors are the _______ class of plasma ______

A

The third class of plasma proteins are clotting factors

43
Q

What is the most abundant clotting factor protein? What is it converted into?

A

Fibrinogen is the most abundant clotting factor protein which is converted into fibrin

44
Q

Fibrinogen is converted into ________ in response to ________

A

Fibrinogen is converting into fibrin in response to blood loss

45
Q

All plasma proteins are made by the ______ except _______ which is made by ______

A

All ________ are made by the liver except antibodies which is made by B- lymphocytes

46
Q

Embryonically, the hemopoietic tissues include the _____ as well as the ______, ______ and ______.

A

The red bone marrow, the liver, the spleen, and the thymus are all hemopoietic tissues in ______

47
Q

what are three hormones that affect blood cell production?

A

EPO, thrombopoietin or colony-stimulating factors

48
Q

The production of erythrocytes requires iron, folic acid and vitamin B12, and vitamin C

A

true

49
Q

The enzyme that catalyzes the production of carbonic acid is

A

carbonic anhydrase

50
Q

T/F Hemoglobin is found in the plasma portion of blood

A

False

51
Q

Which of the following is the atom that enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen is:

a. calcium
b. globin
c. heme
d. iron
e. sodium

A

Iron is the atom that enables hemoglobin to bind to oxygen

52
Q

Platelets respond to _______ released by damaged endothelial cells and release ______, which is a potent _______

A

__________ respond to endothilin released by ________ and release serotonin , which is a potent vasoconstrictor

BIO202 (9 decks)

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