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Pharmacology > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Amino acid precursor of serotonin

A

Tryptophan

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2
Q

Competitive antagonist at Benzodiazepine binding site, used as antidote of BZD

A

Flumazenil

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3
Q

Theophylline major side effects

A

Seizures, tachyarrhythmias

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4
Q

Treatment for warfarin and rodenticides overdose

A

Fresh frozen plasma

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5
Q

Treatment for Salicylates intoxication

A

NaHCO3 (alkalinize urine, enhancing the elimination of the drug), dialysis

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6
Q

Muscarinic manifestations in organophosphates poisoning

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Sweating
Salivation
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7
Q

Nicotinic manifestations in organophosphates poisoning

A

Neuromuscular blockade (weakness, paralysis, fasciculations)

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8
Q

Treatment for anticholinesterase poisoning

A

Atropine for muscarinic effects. Pralidoxime for nicotinic effects (after atropine)

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9
Q

Clinical manifestations of Arsenic poisoning

A

Severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, hypotension, QT prolongation, garlic odor

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10
Q

Pathophysiology and treatment for arsenic poisoning

A

Arsenic binds sulfhydryl groups, impairing cellular respiration via inhibition pf pyruvate dehydrogenase.
Tx: dimecarpol

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11
Q

How to calculate the bioavailability of a non IV drug, using graph curves?

A

F= (AUC oral / AUC iv) x100

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12
Q

Clinical manifestations of beta blocker intoxication

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, bronchospasm, hypoglycemia, altered mental status

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13
Q

This patients develop cyanosis that doesn’t improve with O2, after exposition of dapsone, benzocaine or nitrites

A

Acquired methemoglobinemia

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14
Q

Treatment for methanol and ethylene glycol intoxication

A

Fomepizole ➡️ competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

Also ethanol and dialysis

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15
Q

Profile of an agonist with a competitive antagonist

A

Decreased potency
No change efficacy
Can be overcome by ⬆️ agonist concentration

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16
Q

Profile of an agonist with a noncompetitive antagonist

A

No change potency
Decreased efficacy
Cannot be overcome by ⬆️ agonist concentration

17
Q

Pathophysiology of cyanide poisoning

A

Inhibition of complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase), impairing electron oxygen transfer ➡️ hypoxia

18
Q

Side effect of nitroprusside treatment

A

Cyanide toxicity

Pharmacology (3 decks)

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