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S3M3 > Disease of Head and Neck - Ears, Neck, larynx and glands > Flashcards

Disease of Head and Neck - Ears, Neck, larynx and glands Flashcards

1
Q

Otitis Media

A

Infection of middle ear
usually viral with superimposed bacterial
Common in children
Acute - Strep pneumonia, H. influenza
Chronic - P. aeroginosa, Staph aureus
Diabetes - aggressive and destructive otitis from P. aeruginosa
Can lead to eardrum perforation

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2
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

keratinous cyst due to repeated bouts of otitis media

Can rupture and cause local inflammatory reaction

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3
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal bone deposition in middle ear - mostly stapes
Hearing loss
Usually familial

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4
Q

Ear tumors

A

Basal cell and Squamous cell cancers - don’t metastasize but lethal

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5
Q

Brachial Cleft Cyst

A

Benign remnant
Near SCM
Early adulthood
Fluid filled

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6
Q

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

A 
Thyroid migration remnant 
Anterior midline neck, base of tongue 
Any age 
Squamous or respiratory lining 
can develop tumors
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7
Q

Paraganglioma

A

Arises from paraganglia - neuroendocrine cells
Adrenal medulla, Carotid body *
Slow growing tumor
May be malignant

AKA - carotid body tumor
Arises in cells from carotid body - near bifurcation
can locally invade, engulf carotid

Sustenacular cells - Balls of cell - Zellballen

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8
Q

Laryngitis

A

infectious, chemical, smoking, toxins

Main findings - erythema, swelling, inflammation and focal ulceration

wheezing - do a tracheostomy

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9
Q

laryngoepiglottitis

A

Hemophilus Influenza
Dangerous in kids - airway obstruction
Croup -inspiratory stridor from inflammatory narrowing of airway - often caused by parainfluenza virus

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10
Q

Laryngeal nodules and polyps

A

Yelling, singing or smoking
benign
nodules are bilateral
polyp is unilateral

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11
Q

laryngeal papillomas

A 
Benign squamous proliferations 
common on true vocal cords 
typically unilateral 
associated with HPV 6 and 11 
In kids, multiple papillomas can lead to airway obstruction 
Histology - Koilocytes**
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12
Q

Laryngeal carcinoma

A

95% are squamous cell carcinoma
Risk factor - cigarette smoking, alcohol
mass - it is this until proven otherwise
Hyperplasia –> dysplasia –> carcinoma seq

Mostly on true vocal cords
treatment - removal and irradiation
prognosis - 1/3rd die of disease

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13
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth
Causes - Sjogren Syndrome
Drugs - anticholinergics, antipsychotics, diuretics, antihistamines, antihypertensive

Complications - dental caries and candidiasis

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14
Q

Sjogren’s Syndrome

A

Chronic disease with dry mouth (xerostomia) and dry eyes (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) resulting from AI destruction of salivary and lacrimal glands

could be primary or secondary to RA or Lupus

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15
Q

Mikulicz Disease

A

used to describe the inflammatory reaction seen in salivary glands in sjogren’s syndrome
Marked lymophocytic infiltrates and germinal centers
proliferation of ductal epithelium
may develop secondary lymphomas

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16
Q

Mucocele

A

Most common salivary gland lesion

lower lip
Ranula - large mucocele at floor of mouth

17
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Inflammation of salivary gland
Can be caused by AI disease, viral infection (mumps) or bacterial infection)
Often secondary to sialolithiasis

18
Q

Salivary Gland Tumor

A

Parotid - Less malignant most common
Saubmandibular
Sublingual
Minor - more malignant least common

19
Q

Tumors of Salivary Gland

A 
Pleomorphic Adenoma - Benign 
Warthin - Benign 
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Adenoid cystic carcinoma 
Acinic cell carcinoma
20
Q

Pleomorphic adenoma

A 
MOST COMMON benign 
Parotid gland mostly 
Irregular borders 
Derived from myoepithelial cells 
Mixed cell - chondroid aread, myxoid tissue, epithelium 
Painless
21
Q

Carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma

A

Malignant tumor arising in preexisiting pleomorphic adenoma
Most are undifferentialted
Prognosis is good if pleomorphic is confined

22
Q

Warthin Tumor

A 
Aka Papillary Cystadenoma lymphomatosum 
Almost all in parotid 
Benign 
Most common bilateral 
Arise from salivary gland inclusions within intraparotid lymph nodes
23
Q

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

A

Most common primary salivary gland cancer
often cystic
composed of squamous cells mucin producing glandular cells and intermediate cells
Grade influences prognosis

24
Q

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

A

Tubular solid cribiform patterns of cells with reduplicated basal lamina
Perineural invasion
Slow but relentless
histology - punched out spaces

25
Q

Acinic Cell carcinoma

A

Show acinar cell differentiation with zymogen granules
slow growing
may involve facial nerve
high recurrence relentless

26
Q

Acinic Cell carcinoma

A

Show acinar cell differentiation with zymogen granules
slow growing
may involve facial nerve
high recurrence relentless

S3M3 (11 decks)

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