Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

The One Deck To Rule Them All > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics for Neurofibromatosis Type 1

A

Autosomal Dominant
Chromosome 17
Affects 1/4000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
Neurofibromas
Cafe-au-lait spots
Axillary freckling (Crowe's sign)
Liche nodules (Iris hamartomas)
Developmental delay 
Scoliosis
Pheochromocytomas
A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genetics for Neurofibromatosis Type 2

A

Autosomal Dominant
Chromosome 22
Affects 1/ 100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Multiple intracranial schwannomas
- Bilateral acoustic neuromas
Meningiomas
Ependymomas

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genetics for Tuberous Sclerosis

A

Autosomal dominant
TSC1 Gene: Hamartin protein
TSC2 Gene: Tuberin protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
Poliosis (patch of grey hair)
Angiofibromas (Adenoma sebaceum)
  - Butterfly rash of small spots
Ash leaf spots (depigmented lesions)
  - Fluoresce under UV light (Wood's lamp)
Shagreen patches (rough skin over lumbar spine)
Sub/peri-ungal fibromata (under nails)
Cafe-au-lait spots
Developmental delay
A

Tuberous Sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tuberous Sclerosis is associated with

A 
Seizures
Rhamdomyomas in heart 
Gliomas in brain 
PCKD
Hamartomas in retina 
     - dense white areas (phakomata)
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis in lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Age 4-8 months
Repeated flexion + extension (salaam attacks)

  • up to 50
  • Last a few seconds
A

Infantile spasms (West Syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Investigations for infantile spasms

A

EEG: dramatic hypsarrhythmia
CT: diffuse or localised brain disease
- tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management for infantile spams (West syndrome)

A

Poor prognosis
Vigabatrin
ACTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Teenage girls
Infrequent generalised seizures (morning)
Daytime absences
Sudden shock like myoclonic seizures

A

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (Janz syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Management for Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (Janz syndrome)

A

Sodium valproate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Paraesthesia upon waking up

- usually unilateral face

A

Benign rolandic epilepsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

1-5 years old
Hx of infantile spasms
Severe mental disability
Atypical absences, falls and jerks

A

Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Investigations for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

A

EEG: Slow spike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Management for Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome

A

Ketogenic diet may help

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Signs favouring pseudo-seizures

A 
Pelvic thrusting
Crying post seizure
Gradual onset
Doesn't occur when alone
FHx of epilepsy 
Female
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Widespread convulsions with absence of decreased consciousness

A

Pseudo-seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Investigation for pseudo-seizure

A

Video recording

Prolactin should be low (prolactin is raised in true seizures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Febrile convulsions are associated with

A

Acute epiglottis

Roseola infantum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Tonic clonic seizure in 6 months - 5 year olds

- occur early in viral infections

A

Febrile convulsion

  • 3% of kids
  • 30% reoccur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Management of febrile convulsions

A

> 5 mins or first seizure = call 999
If recurrent: Rectal diazepam
Buccal midazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Seizure > 5 mins

2 seizures within 5 mins

A

Status epilepticus

24
Q

Management of status epilepticus in community

A 
Buccal midazolam (mouth)
Rectal diazepam (derrière)
25
Q

Management of status epilepticus in hospital

A

IV Lorazepam
- repeat every 10 mins
IV Phenytoin
- start cardiac monitoring

26
Q

When can you stop taking medication for epilepsy

A

Seizure free for > 2 years + meds being stopped for 2-3 months

27
Q

Stiff seizure

A

tonic

28
Q

Jerky seizure

A

Clonic

29
Q

2 main types of seizures

A

Generalised (primary)

Focal

30
Q

5 types of Generalised seizures (primary)

A 
Absence
Myoclonic
Tonic-Clonic
Tonic
Atonic
31
Q

3 - 10 year olds
Female
Unresponsive staring multiple times a day
Hx of stress/ hyperventilation

A

Absence seizure

- “Petit mal”

32
Q

Contraindicated in Absence and Myoclonic seizures

A

Carbamazepine - worsens seizure

33
Q

EEG in Absence seizures

A

Bilateral spike pattern

34
Q

Management of Absence seizures

A
  1. Sodium valproate
  2. Ethosuximide
    Self resolve in adulthood
35
Q

Muscle jerk seizures

A

Myoclonic seizure

36
Q

Management of Myoclonic seizures

A
  1. Sodium valproate
  2. Clonazepam
    Lamotrigine
37
Q

Tongue biting
Groaning
Incontinence
Post-ictal period

A

Tonic-clonic seizure

38
Q

Management for tonic-clonic seizures

A
  1. Sodium valproate
  2. Lamotrigine
    Carbamazepine
39
Q

Drop attack seizures

A

Atonic seizures

40
Q

Activity in both sides of the brain

Consciousness is lost

A

Primary generalised seizures

41
Q

Management for primary generalised seizures

A
  1. Sodium valproate

2. Lamotrigine

42
Q

Activity in one side of the brain

A

Focal seizure

43
Q

Management for focal seizures

A
  1. Carbamazepine
    Lamotrigine
  2. Levetiracetam
    Oxcarbazepine
    Sodium valproate
44
Q

Consciousness is not lost = aware
No control over movement (twitching of hand)
Memory flashbacks
Post-ictal weakness (Todd’s Paresis)

A

Focal seizures

45
Q

Non-motor focal seizures

A

Deja vu

Jamais vu

46
Q

Motor focal seizures

A

Jacksonian march

47
Q

Starts on one side of the brain then moves to both sides

Focal > generalised seizure

A

Secondary generalised seizure

  • common for focal impaired awareness seizures
48
Q 
Smacking lips (automation)
Memory of seizure is unclear/ altered
A

Focal impaired awareness seizure

  • can progress to secondary generalised seizure
49
Q

Sensory seizures are located in

- parasthesia

A

Parietal lobe

50
Q

Visual seizures are located in

  • floaters
  • flashes
A

Occipital lobe

51
Q

HEAD seizures are located in

Hallucinations
Epigastric/emotional
Automatisms
Deja vu/ dysphagia (post-ictal)

A

Temporal lobe

52
Q

Motor seizures are located in

  • Movements
  • Posturing
  • Post-ictal weakness (Todd’s paresis)
  • Jacksonian march
A

Frontal lobe

53
Q

Driving: First unprovoked seizure

A

if no abnormalities: 6 months off

if abnormalities: 12 months off

54
Q

Driving: Established epilepsy

A

1 year seizure free = can drive

55
Q

Driving: Stopped epilepsy medication

A

6 months off

56
Q

Driving: Any seizures in HGV driver

A

10 years off

The One Deck To Rule Them All (50 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions