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CPNP EXAM PREP > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Neurobiological disorder characterized by a spectrum of symptoms involving impairment and social interaction, impairment in interpersonal communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interest

A

Autism

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2
Q

Causes / risk factor of autism

A

No association with vaccines
Genetic cause environment may impact expression of genetic material example advanced paternal age, toxin exposure during pregnancy

Highly heritable

Makes >female

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3
Q

Normal growth and development usually reported till two years of age then delays in language, imaginative play, social interactions

A

Part of diagnostic criteria for autism

Occurs before the age of three

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4
Q

Social pragmatic communication disorder criteria

A

Deficits in communicating for social purposes such as greeting or sharing information
Impairment

In the ability to change communication to match the context or needs of the listener speaking differently in a classroom versus on a playground talking differently to a child and adult etc.

Difficulty understanding what is not explicitly stated
Difficulty following rules for conversation and storytelling taking turns in conversation, rephrasing what is misunderstood

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5
Q

When is targeted developmental screening for autism spectrum disorders

A

9, 18, and 30 months

ASD specific screening at 18, 24 months, or any time when there is a high suspicion of the problem

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6
Q

Vascular dilatation

A

Primary headache because we have cranial artery distention

E.g. migraine, fever, basal dilator drugs, systematic infection

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7
Q

Muscular contraction

A

Primary headache caused head and neck muscle contraction (e.g. tension or psycho genic headache)

Stress headache

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8
Q

Traction headache

A

Primary headache caused: space occupying lesion (E.g. brain tumors, mass lesions, hematoma, I CP)

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9
Q

Inflammation headache

A

Type of primary headache because involving infection (e.g. meningitis, sinuses, teeth)

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10
Q

Migraine headaches or what type of headache

A

Vascular

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11
Q

Common migraine

A

No aura

<10 Years at Onset

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12
Q

Classic migraine

A

Onset with aura>10 years

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13
Q

Triggers for migraines

A

Emotional or physical stress, lack of exercise, lack of sleep, missed meals, specific foods, alcohol, nitrates, ministration

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14
Q

What lab should be performed for a migraine

A

CMP, CBC, ESR, CT of head, venereal disease research laboratory test (VDLR)

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15
Q

Petite mal

A

Absence seizure

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16
Q

Grand mal

A

Tonic clonic seizure

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17
Q

Partial seizure

A

Focal origin one hemisphere

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18
Q

Simple partial seizures

A

No loss of consciousness

19
Q

Complex partial seizures

A

Impaired consciousness (staring)>20Seconds before, during, or after symptoms

20
Q

Von Recklinghausen disease

A

Neurofibromatosis; a Nuro cutaneous syndrome characterized by numerous Café au lait Spots on the body

Progressive disorder

NF1=von Recklinghausen disease most common

NF2

21
Q

Diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis

A

Must have at least two:
Six or more CLS spots>5mm prepubertal child
Or >15mm Post pubertal

Two or more cutaneous neurofibromas (fleshy warts)
Axillary or inguinal freckling
Two or more Iris Lisch nodules (Black speckles in eyes)
Distinctive osseous lesions
Autosomal dominant; present in a first-degree relative

22
Q

What is a key difference between NF1 and NF2

A

Lisch nodules on the iris are characteristic of NF1 and not seen in significant numbers in NF2

NF2 not associated with cognitive impairment often seen in NF1

23
Q

Bruising on mastoid bone battle sign or raccoon eyes is what type of skull fracture?

A

Basal

24
Q

Hospitalization for skull fractures

A

More than a momentary loss of consciousness, lethargy, confusion, irritable, severe headache changes in speech or movements, significant bleeding, vomiting 1 to 2 hours following injury, seizure

25
Q

Pathogens common in children older than two months for meningitis

A

Haemophilus influenza type B, streptococcus pneumonia, neisseria
meningitis

26
Q

Bacterial pathogen’s in newborns because meningitis

A

E. coli, Group B streptococci, listeria monocytogenes, enterobacteriacae

27
Q

What is the most common meningitis in infants

A

Viral

28
Q

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in an infant

A

Mimic septicemia, temperature instability, irritable, lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, bulging fontanel, seizure

29
Q

Symptoms an older infants and children For meningitis

A

Nausea, vomiting, irritability, confusion, headaches, back pain, nuchal rigidity, ataxia, photophobia, positive Kernig sign positive brudzinskis sign

30
Q

What is Kernig sign

A

Lift up the knee=kernig —-extension of the leg when the hip is flexed ——pain is positive

31
Q

Brudzinski sign

A

Flexion of the hips and knees in response to neck flexion =positive meningitis

32
Q

Diagnostic test for meningitis

A

Lumbar puncture for CSF analysis shows: cloudy, WBC‘s, increase protein decrease glucose “ Bugs (Protein) In brain they eat sugar (glucose)”

Do not perform lumbar puncture if signs of increased ICP pap ill edema

33
Q

Most common brain tumor

A

Infratentorial, brainstem tumor

34
Q

Infratentorial Brain tumors are most common at what age

A

4-11 years

35
Q

Increased head circumference, bulging fontanelle, changes in Neuro, headache that increases in frequency becoming more severe in the morning followed by Emesis ,Loss in developmental milestones

A

Signs and symptoms of a brain tumor

36
Q

Diagnostics for a brain tumor

A

MRI, CT, lumbar puncture only after CT and without suspicion of increased ICP

37
Q

Brain tumor management

A

Surgery, radiation, chemo, steroids

38
Q

A non progressive Central motor dysfunction that affects muscle tone, posture, and movement

A

CP

39
Q

Spastic CP

A

Muscle tightening and stiffness

40
Q

Ataxic CP

A

Affects balance and coordination

41
Q

Athetoid Cp

A

Involuntary, purposeless movement

42
Q

Muscle stiffening and tightness, increased DTR and sustained clonus

A

Spastic

43
Q

Involuntary purposeless movement

A

ATHETOID CP

44
Q

Affects balance and coordination

A

Ataxic CP

CPNP EXAM PREP (17 decks)

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