20-30 MOD 3

Question 1

Positive and Negative selection

Answer 1

During maturation in the thymus, T cells encounter self peptides bound to MHC Molecules. T cells that display the hosts MHC antigens and T cell receptors for non self antigens are allowed to mature, called positive selection. T cells have a high affinity for host cells are sorted out and undergo apoptosis, called negative selection.

Question 2

2 General causes of autoimmune diseases

Answer 2

Genetic and environmental factors

Question 3

How to diagnose an autoimmune disease

Answer 3

-History, physical, and serological findings.
-Following-criteria must be met:
Evidence of autoimmune reaction, immunologic findings are not secondary to another condition, and no other identifiable causes are found.

Question 4

Graves’ disease

Answer 4

Abnormal stimulation of thyroid glad by thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSH receptor antibodies) that act through normal TSH receptors. State of hyperthyroidism, goiter, and opthalmopathy.

Question 5

SLE

Answer 5

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is chronic inflammatory disease termed the great imitator because it can affect almost any organ system

Question 6

HIV

Answer 6

Retrovirus that selectively attacks the CD4+ T lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for coordinating the immune response to infection. People with HIV infection are more susceptible to severe infections with ordinarily harmless organisms.

Question 7

HIV spread

Answer 7

Sexual contact, blood to blood contact, or from mother to child during pregnancy , birth or breast feeding. Not spread via saliva or casual contact.

Question 8

Seroconversion

Answer 8

Term when an infected persons blood converts from being negative for HIV antibodies to being positive.

Question 9

Window period

Answer 9

Time between infection and seroconversion is called the window period