Quiz 7

Question 1

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments.
A) Mechanical processing
B) Ingestion
C) Absorption
D) Digestion

Answer 1

D) Digestion

Question 2

What are the waves of muscular contractions that move along the length of the digestive tract called?
A) Ascites
B) Peristalsis
C) Segmentation
D) Digestion

Answer 2

B) Peristalsis

Question 3

Which nerve controls the stomach and initiates the production of gastric juice?
A) Subclavical
B) Cranial nerve VII
C) Pyloric
D) Vagus

Answer 3

D) Vagus

Question 4

Which condition is caused by abdominal organs sliding into the thoracic cavity through the esophageal hiatus?
A) Perioneal hernia
B) Thoracic hernia
C) Hiatal hernia
D) None of the above

Answer 4

C) Hiatal hernia

Question 5

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the second segment of the small intestine and does the bulk of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption?
A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Jejunum
D) Duodenum

Answer 5

C) Jejunum

Question 6

Which of the following portions of the small intestine is attached to the pylorus of the stomach?
A) Cecum
B) Colon
C) Duodenum
D) Ileum

Answer 6

C) Duodenum

Question 7

The cystic duct leaves the liver and leads to the:
A) Gallbladder
B) Stomach
C) Vena cava
D) Duodenum

Answer 7

A) Gallbladder

Question 8

Which of the following is a general function of the liver?
A) Bile production
B) Metabolic regulation
C) Hematological regulation
D) All of the above

Answer 8

D) All of the above

Question 9

What is the most common cause of cirrhosis of the liver?
A) Hepatitis
B) Renal failure
C) Chronic alcohol abuse
D) Hypertension

Answer 9

C) Chronic alcohol abuse

Question 10

The human liver is composed of how many lobes?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Answer 10

C) 4

Question 11

What is a common cause of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States?
A) Hepatitis E
B) Hepatitis D
C) Hepatitis C
D) Hepatitis F

Answer 11

C) Hepatitis C

Question 12

Carbohydrate digestion begins in which of the following parts of the digestive tract?
A) Duodenum
B) Mouth
C) Stomach
D) Cecum

Answer 12

B) Mouth

Question 13

The parietal cells secrete which of the following?
A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Pepsinogen
C) Pepsin
D) Histamine

Answer 13

A) Hydrochloric acid

Question 14

The renal tubule is responsible for:
A) Reabsorbing useful organic molecules
B) Secreting any waste products missed by the filtration process
C) Reabsorbing water
D) All of the above

Answer 14

D) All of the above

Question 15

Filtration membranes allow the passage of:
A) Water, amino acids, and most plasma proteins
B) Water, ions, and glucose
C) Plasma proteins but not blood cells
D) Blood cells and plasma proteins

Answer 15

B) Water, ions, and glucose

Question 16

In the proximal convoluted tubule, water moves out of the tubular fluid by what process?
A) Filtration
B) Diffusion
C) Carrier-mediated transport
D) Osmosis

Answer 16

D) Osmosis

Question 17

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle actively transports:
A) Magnesium
B) Potassium
C) Sodium
D) All needed ions

Answer 17

D) All needed ions

Question 18

The hormone erythropoietin and the enzyme renin are secreted in response to:
A) Hypertension
B) Tachycardia
C) Hypotension
D) None of the above

Answer 18

C) Hypotension

Question 19

Which is a metabolic waste product of the breakdown of amino acids?
A) Urea
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) All of the above

Answer 19

A) Urea

Question 20

Which hormone, when at lower levels, decreases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct?
A) Thyroxine
B) Epinephrine
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Aldosterone

Answer 20

C) Antidiuretic hormone

Question 21

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism is the body’s main mechanism for which of the following?
A) Decreasing the level of parathyroid hormone
B) Decreasing the level of angiotensin I
C) Increasing blood pressure
D) Increasing erythropoietin

Answer 21

C) Increasing blood pressure

Question 22

Which of the following is a major hormone involved in regulating kidney function?
A) Aldosterone
B) Angiotensin II
C) ADH
D) All of the above

Answer 22

D) All of the above

Question 23

Atrial natriuretic peptide is released by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ when blood volume and blood pressure are too high and opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin system.
A) Atrial cardiac muscle cells
B) Aortic baroreceptors
C) The left atrium
D) the right atrium

Answer 23

A) Atrial cardiac muscle cells

Question 24

Kidney stones consisting of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are common?
A) Calcium salts
B) Urea
C) Struvite stones
D) Magnesium salts

Answer 24

A) Calcium salts

Question 25

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and kidneys play key roles in maintaining the acid-base balance of body fluids.
A) Spleen
B) Intestines
C) Liver
D) Lungs

Answer 25

D) Lungs

Question 26

If extracellular fluids (ECF) become hypertonic, when compared to the intracellular fluid (ICF), water will move in which direction?
A) It varies based on sodium concentrations
B) From the ECF into the cells
C) From the cells into the ECF
D) Any of the above

Answer 26

C) From the cells into the ECF

Question 27

In response to circulating aldosterone, the kidneys \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ sodium ions.
A) Reabsorb
B) Excrete
C) Convert
D) None of the above

Answer 27

A) Reabsorb

Question 28

Severe acidosis can cause what effect on the body?
A) CNS deterioration
B) Peripheral vasodilation
C) Weak cardiac contractions
D) All of the above

Answer 28

D) All of the above

Question 29

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs when alveolar ventilation is increased, resulting in excess elimination of CO2.
A) Metabolic acidosis
B) Hypercapnia
C) Respiratory alkalosis
D) Respiratory acidosis

Answer 29

C) Respiratory alkalosis

Question 30

The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ buffer system depends on the ability of amino acids to respond to changes in pH by accepting or releasing hydrogen ions.
A) Protein
B) Phosphate
C) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate
D) Carboxyl

Answer 30

A) Protein