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WELL AP v1_ LP > Air Concept > Flashcards

Air Concept Flashcards

1
Q

Long-term symptoms from exposure to air polluntans may include ____?

A
  • central nervous system damage
  • endocrine disruption
  • cancer
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2
Q

How many deaths are caused by air pollution annually?

A

50,000 in US 7 million worldwide (1 in 8)

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3
Q

How much air do we breathe per day?

A

15,000 liters

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4
Q

What are the 6 major air pollutants?

A

SPLONCo

  • Sulfur
  • Particultates (PM10 and PM 2.5)
  • Lead
  • Ozone
  • Nitrogen
  • Carbon Monoxide (CO)
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5
Q

F01 - Air Quality

p1- VOCs and Formaldehyde limits

p2- Which are the 2 Particulate and the 2 Gases and their limits?

p3- Radon

(Volatile Substance, Particulate and Inorganic Gases, Radon)

A

p1-

  • Formaldehyde < 27 ppb
  • VOCs < 500 µg/m3

p2- CoPPO

  • CO < 9 ppm
  • PM 2,5 < 15 µg/m3
  • PM 10 < 50 µg/m3
  • O3 < 51 ppb

p3-

  • Radon < 4pCi/L
    measured at lowest occupied level
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6
Q

F02 - Smoking Ban (Indoor, Outdoor)

How much does smoking shorten life expectancy?

How much premature deaths?

A

10 years

400.000 in U.S.

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7
Q

F02 - Smoking Ban (Indoor, Outdoor)

How many ingredients are in a cigarette and how many are toxic?

A

600 ingredients 7,000 compounds 69 are known carcinogens

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8
Q

F02 - Smoking Ban (Indoor, Outdoor)

p1- Smoking indoor is prohibited

p2- Outdoor Ban: How large is the area in which smoking is banned and what we have to include?

A

p2 - Full Ban within 7,5 m entrances, all patios, operable windows, building air intakes.

Including signs about smoking hazards along all walkways beyond 7,5 m with signs every 30 m

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9
Q

F03 - Ventilation effectiveness

p1- Mechanical and Natural Ventilation: standards for adequate mechanical and natural ventilation?

p1- Natural Ventilation: ambient air quality within 1 mile is compliant with?

(Ventilation design, Demand Ventilation, System Balancing)

A

p1-Mech. and Nat. Ventilation → ASHRAE 62.1.2013

p1-Nat. Ventilation → within 1 mile

  • NAAQs (of EPA’s)
    or
  • ​passes Feature 01 Air Quality Standard for 95% of all hours in previous year

NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards)

EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)

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10
Q

F03 - Ventilation effectiveness (Ventilation design, Demand Ventilation, System Balancing)

p2- Demand Controlled Ventilation system is used to keep CO2 levels below ___ppm, when the space is ___ or larger and occupancy is more than ___ people per _____

A

CO2 < 800 ppm

for spaces:

> 46,5 m2

> 25 ab. / 93 m2

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11
Q

F03 - Ventilation effectiveness (Ventilation design, Demand Ventilation, System Balancing)

p3- System Balancing: When does HVAC system get tested and balanced? What is the documentation required? (2)

A

Before occupancy with a:

  • Letter of Assurance by MEP or Contractor
  • Commissioning Report
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12
Q

F04 - VOC Reduction

p1- Interior paints: need to meet 1 of which 3 requirements/standards?

(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

A

100% → CARB, SCM or SCAQMD

90% by volume → CDPH

All → ASTM standards

CARB (California Air Resource Board)

SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District)

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

ASTM (American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards)

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13
Q

What’s ASTM?

A

American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards

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14
Q

F04 - VOC Reduction
​(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

p2- Adhesives and Sealants: need to meet 1 of which 3 requirements?

A

100% → SCAQMD

90% by volume → CDPH

All → ASTM standards

CARB (California Air Resource Board)

SCAQMD (South Coast Air Quality Management District)

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

ASTM (American Society of Testing & Materials, 12,000 standards)

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15
Q

F04 - VOC Reduction
​(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

p3 - p4 - Flooring and insulation: both must meet what standard?

A

all newly installed → CDPH

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

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16
Q

F04 - VOC Reduction
​(Paints an Coating, Adeshives and Sealent, Flooring, Insulation, Furnishing)

p5 - Furniture must meet what standard?

A

95% by cost —> ANSI/BIFMA or CDPH

ANSI/BIFMA (Furniture Sustainability Standard)

CDPH (California Department of Public Health)

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17
Q

F05 - Air Filtration

p1 - Filter Accomodation: What two things must projects with recirculated air systems be able to accomodate?

(Accomodation, Particle, Maintenance)

A

Rack space for filter and Capacity for future implementation

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18
Q

F05 - Air Filtration

p2 - Particle Filtration

What size MERV filter is used for outdoor air?

Ambient outdoor PM10 and PM 2.5 levels measured ____ distance from building are measured below F01 Air quality ____how long

(Accomodation, Particle, Maintenance)

A

MERV 13 or higher

1 mile,

95% of all hours of the last year

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19
Q

F05 - Air Filtration

p3- How often do projects need to provide IWBI with air filtration maintenance records?

(Accomodation, Particle, Maintenance)

A

annually

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20
Q

F06 - Microbe and Mold Control

p1- Device used, in HVAC system to reduce mold? What should be inspected and how often?

p2- Mold inspection mode

(Coil Mold Reduction, Mold inspections)

A

p1- UVGI (Ultraviolet light) on cooling coils, drain pans ceilings

Quarterly inspections, Yearly submission of photos to IWBI
(if mold is found must clean)

p2- Visual inspections of building for discoloration and mold on walls, floor, ceilings

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21
Q

F07 - Construction Pollution

p1 - Ducts protection during construction? (2)

p2- Within one year before perfomance verification, If HVAC runs during construction, when are filters replaced?

(Duct Protection, Filter Replacement, Moisture Management, Dust Removal)

A

p1-

  • Ducts sealed and protected during construction
    or
  • Cleaned prior to installing grills

p2- Before occupancy

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22
Q

F07 - Construction Pollution

Within one year before perfomance verification

p3- To protect materials and products from water or moisture provide a___

p4- To contain dust and debris provide (3)___

(Duct Protection, Filter Replacement, Moisture Management, Dust Removal)

A

p3- Separate area to store and protect materials and products

p4 -

  • Physical separation of active construction space throug barriers or sealant
  • Installation of walk-off mats at entrance (tappetini)
  • Collectors for guard to capture dust
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23
Q

F08 - Healthy Entrance

p1- To reduce amount of contaminants at all regurarly occupied entrance provide 1 of these 3 strategies___ for a size of____?

p2- To reduce the movement of air from outdoors to indoors with mechanical ventilated 1 of these 3 strategies___(3)

(Entryway Walk-off, Entriway Air Seal)

A

p1-

  1. Grilles/grates
  2. Rollout mats (tappeto a rotolo)
  3. Any other material as a walk-off system (tappeto)

Size → width = entrance & long > 3 m

p2-

  1. Vestibule with two normally closed door
  2. Revolving entrance door
  3. +3 normally shut doors from the outdoors
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24
Q

F09 - Cleaning Protocol (Cleaning Plan for Occupied Spaces)

p1- Cleaning Plan - Which (5) elements must be in the plan?

A
  1. Equipment and Training (Table A4 Appendix C)
  2. List of approved product seals → EPA’s Design for the Environment, UL EcoLogo, or Green Seal (Table A4 Appendix C)
  3. List of high-touch surfaces
  4. Cleaning schedule (programmi)
  5. Cleaning logs (registri)
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25
Q

F10- Pesticide Management

Requires the elimination of pesticides/herbicides or the minimization of the hazards by___

A
  • Creation of a Management Plan based on Chapter 3 of San Francisco Environment Code IPM Program
    or
  • Use only pesticides with a hazard tier ranking < 3
    “Table A2 Appendix C”
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26
Q

F10- Pesticide Management

Where should you look for a list of acceptable pesticides?

A

Pesticide Research Institute’s PestSmart tool or Pesticide Product Evaluator tool

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27
Q

Atrazine

A

pesticide endocrine disruptor cardiovascular problems

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28
Q

Glyphosate

A

herbicide RoundUp Kidney problems Reproductive difficulties

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29
Q

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety

p1- Asbestos and Lead Restriction - What are the limits?

(Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

A

No asbestos

Lead < 100 ppm in all newly-installed building materials

  • exc. Lead < 0.25% (pipe, plumbing, fixtures)
  • exc. Lead < 0.20% (solder or flux in plumbing)
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30
Q

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety

p2- Lead Abatement: lead evaluation is conducted following what guidelines? (3)

(Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

A

Lead abatement in repair, rerenovation, demolition:

  • EPA lead standards
  • EPA40 CFR standard
  • CFR
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31
Q

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety

p3- Asbestos Abatement: Requirements for buildings constructed prior to asbestos law___ (3)

(Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

A
  • Inspections every 3 years by Accredited asbestos professional (AHERA’s, NESHAP or local consultant)
  • Development, maintenance and update of Asbestos Management Plans (in accordance with AHERA)
  • Conduct post-abatement clearance (smaltimento) (in accordance with AHERA)

AHERA = Asbestos Hazard Emergency Response Act

32
Q

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety

p4- PCBs abatement; when, and according to which standard?

(Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

A

Buildings between 1950 and banning laws

  • Standard EPA’s Steps to Safe PCB
33
Q

F11 - Fundamental Material Safety

p5- Mercury Limitation - which products should be avoided? (3)

(Asbestos & Lead, Lead, Asbestos, PCBs, Mercury)

A
  • Thermometers
  • Mercury lamps
  • LED
34
Q

F12 - Moisture Management

p1- Project team must produce a Narrative how exterior liquid is addressed for which (4) ?

(Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

A

EPA’s “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design”

  1. Site Drainage and Irrigation
  2. Local Water Table (Falda)
  3. Building Penetrations
  4. Porous exterior materials
35
Q

F12 - Moisture Management

p2- Project team must produce a Narrative how interior liquid is addressed for which (4) ?

(Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

A

EPA’s “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design”

  1. Plumbing leaks
  2. Hard-piped appliances (tubi)
  3. Porous interior materials
  4. New building materials wetted during construction
36
Q

F12 - Moisture Management

p3- Project team must produce a Narrative addressing source of condensation concerning (4) ?

(Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

A

EPA’s “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design”

  • high relative humidity
  • air leakage
  • cooler surfaces
  • oversized Air conditioning
37
Q

F12 - Moisture Management

p4- Project team must produce a Narrative which materials are protected (5)?

(Exterior, Interior, Condensation, Material)

A

EPA’s “Moisture Control Guidance for Building Design”

  • Absorptive materials during construction
  • Exposed entryways and glazing porous
  • Cladding material (rivestimenti)
  • Interior sheathing (guaine)
  • Finished floors in potentially wet room
38
Q

F13 - Air Flush

Once construction is completed to remove VOCs and pollutants, an air flush process is conducted before occupancy with indoor air temperature of ___ and humidity _____

a. Single-part (before occupancy) air flush?
b. Two-part air flush (I) + (II)

A

temperature > 15°C

humidity < 60%

a. Volume of air of 4266 m3 per m2 of floor area
b. Totale Volume (I) 1066 m3 /m2 of floor + (II) 3200 m3 /m2 of floor (0,1 m3 per minute)

39
Q

F14 - Air Infiltration Management

Envelope Commissioning Test is performed _____(when), according to _____and what_____?

A

After substantial completion but Before occupancy

Commissioning Test in according to ASHRAE 0-2005 and NIBS 3-2012.

40
Q

F15 - Increased Ventilation

p1 - One of the following:

Buildings must supply fresh air ___% or project have to follow ___?

A

30% higher of F03 Ventilation effectiveness ( ASHRAE 62)

CIBSE AM10 Section 4 (Natural ventilation)

41
Q

F16 - Humidity Control

HVAC must maintain Relative humidity between ___
or
Modelled humidity software to verify Relative humidity___ for what period of time__?

A
  • 30% to 50% all time
    or
  • 30% to 50% for 95% of all annual business hours
42
Q

An increase in Humidity by ___% can lead to formaldehyde + ___.

A

35% humidity → formaldehyde + 1.8 to 2.6

43
Q

F17 - Direct Source Ventilation (Pollution isolation)

p1 -

a) which rooms need to be separated (3)
b) what are the potential contaminants (3)
c) what methods of separation can be used

A

a) cleaning and chemical storage units, bathrooms, printer/copier rooms
b) VOCs, Ozone, mold
c) self-closing doors, expelling/exhausting the air, no recirculation

44
Q

F18 - Air Quality Monitoring

p1 - Indoor

a) which pollutants are measured (3)
b) how often is data collected
c) who is data sent to and how often?

(Indoor, Air Data Record, Measures Display)

A

a) CoPPO2 (CO2, PM, Ozone)
b) one per hour
c) sent to IWBI and occupants annually

45
Q

F18 - Air Quality Monitoring

p2 - Data Recording requires a____ and records must be kept for?

p3- Requires that occupants can see real-time information about___ on a display of___for every ___ m2 of occupied space

(Indoor, Air Data Record, Measures Display)

A

p2- Written policy and records kept up to 3 years

p3-

  • temperature
  • humidity
  • CO2 (dioxide)

one display of 15x13 cm every 930 m2

​

46
Q

F19 - Operable Windows

Integrate operable windows (comfort + air regulation) into a building, but evaluates (3)?

(Full Control, Air measurement, Window operation)

A

Temperature, humidity, and contaminant levels in outdoor air

47
Q

F19 - Operable Windows

p2- Outdoor levels of what (4) parameters are measured, and where

p3- A software on occupant’s smartphone/pc to___when____

(Full Control, Air measurement, Operation Management)

A

p2- Within 1 mile

  • temperature
  • humidity
  • ​ PM10
  • Ozone

p3- discourage opening windows when the parameters are:

  • temperature +-8°C (of indoor)
  • humidity > 60%
  • ​PM10 > 50µg/m3
  • Ozone > 51ppb
48
Q

F20 - Dedicated Outdoor Air Systems (DOAS)

DOAS should be verified by 1 of 2 ____(2)

A
  • Complies with local standards
    or
  • Design review by mechanical engineer

DOAS (Dedicated outdoor air system) = HVAC system that provides better air infiltration at lower energy

49
Q

F21 - Displacement Ventilation

p1-

a. Which are the two Displacement Ventilation Systems?
b. Which design standards need to meet ?

p2- Which are the 2 requirements for projects with D.V. S.?

(Design, Performance)

A

p1- Design standard:

a. Low sidewall air distribution system → System Performance Evaluation & ASHRAE RP949
b. UFAD system → ASHRAE UFAD

p2- Two requirements:

  • CFD analysis (Computational Fluid Dynamic)
  • 75% of occupied space must meet → Thermal Comfort ASHRAE 55-2013
50
Q

F22 - Pest Control

p1- Perishable food must stored (where) ___ and all indoor garbage (except paper) bins > 113 L must have a lid. If bin < 113 L must have a _____

p2- Visual inspections to verify____

(Reduction, Inspection)

A

p1-

  • in sealed containers
  • lid operable without hands
    or
  • pull-out drawer (cassetto estraibile)

p2- absence of cockroach, termite

51
Q

F23- Advanced Air Purification

To reduce VOCs in the indoor air, buildings which recirculate air use

p1- One of the following methods:____ (2)

p2- Spaces with more than 10 occupants, use one of the following ___(2)

p3- Documentation required?

(Carbon Filtration, Air Sanitization, Air Quality Maintenance)

A

p1-

  • Activated Carbon Filter in air ducts
  • Standalone air purifier with a carbon filter in all regularly occupied spaces

p2-

  • UVGI (Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation)
  • Photocatalytic oxidation

p3-

  • Annually Records of air filtration/sanitization maintenance
52
Q

F24 - Combustion minimization

p1- What is forbidden in regularly occupied spaces?

p2- All combustion equipment (boilers, furnaces, internal combustion, water heaters) used for heating, cooling, water-heating, must meets ___ ?

p3- What should be visible from parking areas?

(Ban, Low-Emission Combustion Sources, Engine Exhaust Reduction, Construction Equipment)

A

p1-

  • Combustion-based equip
    (fireplaces-fornelli
    stoves/ranges - cucine/fornello
    space heaters - stufe portatili
    oven - forno)

p2-

  • SCAQMD (California’s South Coast Air Quality Management District)

p3-

  • Signage → NO Idling of vehicle for > 30 seconds
53
Q

F24 - Combustion minimization (Ban, Low-Emission Combustion Sources,Engine Exhaust Reduction, Construction Equipment)

p4- Within one year prior performance verification, To reduce PM emissions diesel fueled vehicles must meet _____?

A

p4-

  • Non-road vehicles → EPA Tier 4 PM emissions standards or local equivalent when applicable.
  • On-road vehicles → EPA model year 2007 on-road standards for PM
  • Both vehicles → loading/unloading away from air intakes
54
Q

F25 - Toxic Material Reduction

(Perfluorinated Compound, Halogenated Flame, Phthalate, Isocyanate-Based Polyurethane, Urea-Formaldehyde)

p1- Furnishing with Perfluorinated (PFCs) < ?

p2- Products with Halogenated Flame Retardant < ?

p3- Plastic Products with Phthalate < ?

p4- Interior finishes Isocyanate-Based Polyurethane ?

p5- Wood Products Urea-Formaldehyde < ?

A
  • Perfluorinated (PFCs) < 100 ppm for 5% of all furnishing by weight
  • Halogenated Flame Retardant < 100 ppm
  • ​Phthalate < 100 ppm
  • NO Isocyanate-Based Polyurethane
  • ​Urea-Formaldehyde < 100 ppm (thermal insulation, furniture, laminating adhesives and resins)
55
Q

F26 - Enhanced Material Safety

At least ___of all furnishings, built-in furniture, interior finishes, and finish materials must meet one or more of (3) ___?

A
  • 25% by cost (product cost and no weight)
  • Have “​Internationl Living Future Institute” or a “Declare”
  • “Cradle to Cradle Certified™” products
  • Have no “GreenScreen®” over 1,000 ppm
56
Q

F27 - Antimicrobial Activity for Surfaces (High-Touch Surfaces)

p1- Antimicrobial strategies to High touch surfaces one of (2):

A
  • abrasion - resistant and non-leaching material → approved by EPA
    or
  • cleaned with UV cleaning device
57
Q

F28 - Cleanable Environment

p1- Expand Feature 09 Cleaning Protocol with requirements for High-touch and non-porous surfaces (3)

p2- Space to allow for easy cleaning with (3) design strategies:

Documentation?

(Material Properties, Cleanability)

A

p1- (superfici facili da pulire, lisce e senza difetti)

  • Smooth and free of defects surfaces
  • Smooth welds and joints
  • No corner and crevices

p2-

  • Carpet easy to clean/remove (es. vinyl tile)
  • Storage for movable items
  • 90° angles walls - windows/floors are sealed.

Documentation required: letter of assurance and spot check

58
Q

F29 - Cleaning Equipment

p1- Once a building is constructed, cleaning equipment minimum requirements (3)

p2- Requires that ___and____products be kept separate and have a label that specify that they must not be mixed

(Equipment Cleaning, Chemical Storage)

A

p1-

  • Mops and rags should be microfiber (denier < 1.0)
  • Vacuum with HEPA filters (aspirapolvere)
  • Mops not wrung by hand (straccio da non strizzare a mano)

p2- Bleach and Ammonia (candeggina e ammoniaca)

denier = the smaller the number the thinner the fiber)

59
Q

CO (Carbon monoxide) has ____ times the binding affinity for ____ compared to _____, so it prevents oxygen from being delivered to parts of the body, and leading to hypoxia.

A

210 hemoglobin oxygen

60
Q

Hypoxia

A

lack of oxygen delivered to tissues (due to CO) causes nausea, loss of consciousness and death

61
Q

Poor ventilation can expose humans to: (3)

A

VOCs

Microbial Pathogens

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH)

62
Q

VOCs include (2):

A

benzene formaldehyde

63
Q

VOCs can be ____ times higher inside than outside

A

5

64
Q

VOC required documentation (2)

A

LOA Architect LOA Contractor

65
Q

Carbon filters treat

A

VOCs, large PMs

66
Q

Media filters treat

A

small PMs

67
Q

Air filtration required documentation (3)

A

LOA

Engineer Operating Schedule

Spot Check

68
Q

Construction Pollution Management required documentation (1)

A

LOA Contractor

69
Q

Entryway Air Seal. Three ways to do this:

A

vestibule with 2 normal doorways revolving doors 3 normal doors with a separator

70
Q

Air Filtration Management required document (1)

A

annotated documents: commissioning report

71
Q

Displacement Ventilation system performance requirements (2)

A

p2- Two requirements:

  • CFD analysis (Computational Fluid Dynamic)
  • 75% of occupied space must meet → Thermal Comfort ASHRAE 55-2013
72
Q

Number of Preconditions and Optimizations

A

1-12 (P) 13-29 (O)

73
Q

Air pollution contributes to___ premature deaths in the U.S. and ____mln worldwide

A

50.000 U.S.

7 milion worldwide

74
Q

Flame-retardant chemicals be dangerous, why?

A

They bioaccumulate in fat and result in food chain contamination, including human milk

75
Q

Which percentage of cost must be spend for meet one of the voluntary material reporting programs listed in the requirements for feature 26, Enhanced Material Safety?

A

25%

76
Q

Under which standard is building envelope commissioning of a commercial office project performed after substantial completion?

A

ASHRAE Guideline 0-2005

WELL AP v1_ LP (25 decks)

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