Chapter Twelve, Services & Settlements

Question 1

Service

Answer 1

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it. 3 types: consumer services, business services, and public services.

Question 2

Consumer Services

Answer 2

Primary purpose is to provide services to individual consumers who desire them and can afford to pay for them. (1/2 of US jobs) 4 main types: retail, education, health, and leisure

Question 3

Business Services

Answer 3

Primary purpose is to facilitate the activities of other businesses. (1/4 of US jobs) 4 main types: professional services, financial services, information services, and transportation services

Question 4

Public Services

Answer 4

Primary purpose is to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. Comprised of educators, Fed employees (1/6), State employees (1/4), and Local Govt employees (3/5).

Question 5

Settlement

Answer 5

A permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services.

Question 6

Central Place Theory

First proposed in the 1930s by German geographer Walter Christaller, based on his studies of southern Germany

Answer 6

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.

Question 7

Central Place

Answer 7

A market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area. The central place is so called because it is centrally located to maximize accessibility.

Question 8

Market Area or Hinterland

Answer 8

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted. A market area is a good example of a nodal region—a region with a core where the characteristic is most intense.

Question 9

Range

Answer 9

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. The range is the radius of the circle (or hexagon) drawn to delineate a service’s market area.

Question 10

Threshold

Answer 10

The minimum number of people needed to support the service.

Question 11

Rank Size Rule

Answer 11

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.

Question 12

Primate City Rule

Answer 12

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

Question 13

Primate City

Answer 13

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

Question 14

Gravity Model

Answer 14

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

Question 15

Food Desert

Answer 15

An area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

Question 16

Periodic Market

Answer 16

A collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days.

Question 17

Global City

Answer 17

A major center for the provision of services in the global economy. Can be subdivided according to a number of criteria. Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Question 18

Basic Businesses

Answer 18

Export primarily to customers outside the settlement.

Question 19

Nonbasic Businesses

Answer 19

Serve primarily the customers living in the same settlement.

Question 20

Economic Base

Answer 20

A community’s collection of basic businesses.

Question 21

Clustered Rural Settlement

Answer 21

An agricultural-based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.

Question 22

Dispersed Rural Settlement

Answer 22

Characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

Question 23

Enclosure Movement

Answer 23

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a number of larger farms in England during the 18th century.

Question 24

Urbanization

Answer 24

The process by which the population of urban settlements grows.

Question 25

Megacity

Answer 25

An urban settlement with a total population in excess of 10 million people.

Question 26

Metacity

Answer 26

Has more than 20 million people.