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MCAT Physics > Electrostatics&sMagnetism, Circuts > Flashcards

Electrostatics&sMagnetism, Circuts Flashcards

1
Q

Define insulator

A

Materials that do not transfer or move charge, have localized areas of charge. Non metals

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2
Q

What materials are insulators

A

non metals

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3
Q

Define conductor

A

A material that has an even distribution of charge and allows for the transfer of charge. Metals

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4
Q

What type of materials allows for the transfer of charges

A

Conductors

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5
Q

Describe Coulombs Law

A

it quantifies the magnitude of an electrostatic force between two charges

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6
Q

What represents electrostatic force?

A

Fe

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7
Q

What is Columbus law equation?

A

Fe=Kq1xq2/r2

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8
Q

What is the relationship between electrostatic force and distance?

A

Inverse, if distance is doubled, force is cut by 1/4

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9
Q

If the distance between two charged is doubled what happens to the electrostatic force?

A

It is cut by 1/4

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10
Q

What is an electric field?

A

A force generated by every charge and exerts a force on other charges brought into the field

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11
Q

What is the electric field equation?

A

E=Fe/q=kQ/r2

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12
Q

What equation is this: E=Fe/q=kQ/r2

A

Electric field

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13
Q

In which direction do field lines go for a positive source charge?

A

Outwards

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14
Q

In which direction do field lines go for a negative source charge?

A

Inwards

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15
Q

In which direction will positive test charges move in respect to the source charge field lines?

A

Same direction
+SC lines move outwards and opposites repulse
-positive TC follows -SC lines because -SC lines move in and opposites attract

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16
Q

In which direction will negative test charges move in respect to the source charge field lines?

A

Opposite
-SC lines move in, -TC will move out (repulsion)
+SC lines move out, -TC will move in (attraction–against SC lines)

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17
Q

What is electric potential energy?

A

The amount of work needed to bring a TC from a far position to one closer to to SC

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18
Q

What is the electric potential energy equation ?

A

U=kQq/r

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19
Q

Define electric potential

A

The ratio of the magnitude of a charges electric potential energy (U) to the magnitude of the charge itself (q)

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20
Q

The closer two opposite charges get the more ______ the potential energy and ______ in stability

A

Decreases, increases

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21
Q

There is a ______ in electric potential energy when opposite charges get closer together

A

Decrease

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22
Q

Two like charges will have a ______ in potential energy the closer they get

A

Increase

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23
Q

The closer two like charges get the more ______ the potential energy and ______ in stability

A

Increase, Decrease

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24
Q

The closer two like charges get the more ______ the potential energy and ______ in stability

A

Increase, Decrease

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25
Q

What is the electric potential equation?

A

V=U/q

V=kQq/r

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26
Q

What is electric potential measured in?

A

Volts

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27
Q

What are the units for Volts

A

1V=1C/J

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28
Q

Voltage is also known as

A

potential difference

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29
Q

For a positive source charge voltage is ________

A

Positive

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30
Q

Electric potential is _______ proportional to the distance from source charge

A

Inversely

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31
Q

A positive test charge will move from a position of ______ to ______ electric potential causing a decrease in electric potential energy

A

High to low

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32
Q

In which direction do positive test charges move with respect to source charge

A

With direction of source charge

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33
Q

A negative test charge will move from a position of _____ to _____ electric potential.

A

Low to high

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34
Q

What is an equipotential line?

A

A line where the potential at every pain is the same, the potential difference (voltage) is zero

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35
Q

A ______ results from two equal and opposite charges being separated by a small distance from each other

A

Electric dipole

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36
Q

The product of charge and separation distance is defined as the

A

Dipole Moment

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37
Q

What is the equation for dipole moment?

A

p=qd

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38
Q

Magnetic field strength is measured in _____ and _____

A

Tesla and Gauss

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39
Q

1 Tesla=_____ gauss

A

10^4

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40
Q

Diamagnetic materials

A
  • made of atoms with no unpaired electrons

- slightly repelled by magnet

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41
Q

Paramagnetic Materials:

A
  • have unpaired electrons
  • no magnetic dipole
  • no net magnetic field
  • weakly magnetized
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42
Q

Ferromagnetic material characteristics

A
  • unpaired electrons

- no net magnetic dipole

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43
Q

All moving charges create a _____ field

A

Magnetic

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44
Q

Magnetic fields are created by

A

all moving charges

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45
Q

A straight wire carrying a charge has an electric field that is ____ to the wire

A

Perpendicular

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46
Q

How do you calculate the magnetic field perpendicular to a wire?

A

B=(mu)(I)/2Pir

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47
Q

Describe the right hand rule to determine direction of magnetic field vectors?

A

Point thumb in direction of current
Close hand
Direction of fingers act as circular fields

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48
Q

Current is a flow of ____ charge, but ____ charge is actually moving

A

Positive, negative

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49
Q

What is metallic conductivity?

A

Conductivity that relies on the free movement of electrons in metallic bonds

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50
Q

_____ conductivity depends on the ion concentration of a solution

A

Electrolytic

51
Q

A solution with high ion concentration has ____ conductivity

A

high

52
Q

A solution with low ion concentration has ____ conductivity

A

Low

53
Q

The concentration of ions and conductivity are ______ proportional

A

Directly

54
Q

The flow of charge between two points is

A

Current

55
Q

The magnitude of current is

A

the amount of charge passing thru a conductor per unit of time

56
Q

What is the equation for current?

A

I=Q/t

57
Q

Electrons moving from low electric potential to high electric potential causes a ______ in electric potential energy

A

Decrease

58
Q

What is electric potential energy?

A

the work required to bring a test charge from farm away to a position close to the source charge

59
Q

Describe Kirchoff’s Junction rule

A

at any point in a circuit, the sum of currents directed to that point equals the sum of currents directed away from that point
I (into)=I (out)

60
Q

What is Kirchoff’s Loop Rule

A

in a closed loop the sum of voltage sources is always equal to the sum of voltage (potential) drops
V(source)=V(drop)

61
Q

Define resistance

A

opposition to the flow of charge

62
Q

Electrons moving from low to high energy causes a _____ in potential energy

A

decrease

63
Q

Materials that do not offer any resistance are called

A

conductors

64
Q

Materials with high resistance are called

A

Insulators

65
Q

_____ have high resistance

A

Insulators

66
Q

______ do not have any resistance

A

Conductors

67
Q

Materials that provide a medium of resistance are called

A

Resistors

68
Q

Conductors allow the free passage of electrons

A

True

69
Q

Resistance of a resistor is _____ proportional to the length of the resistor

A

Directly

70
Q

As the length of the resistor increases the resistance of the resistor

A

Increases

71
Q

What is resistivity

A

intrinsic resistance

72
Q

Why is resistance increased with the length of the resistance?

A

the charge has to flow a grater distance

73
Q

Cross sectional areas is ____ proportional to resistance

A

Inversely

74
Q

Increasing CSA ______ resistance

A

Decreases

75
Q

How does temperature affect resistance?

A

Increases resistance

76
Q

T/F: Temperature is linearly proportional to resistance

A

True

77
Q

Electrical resistance results in _____ loss which reflects a drop in _______ _______

A

energy, electric potential

78
Q

Which equation is used to calculate voltage drop?

A

V=IR

79
Q

Describe Ohms Law

A

For a magnitude of resistance, the voltage (electrical potential) drop across the resistor is proportional to the magnitude of the current

80
Q

What is the definition of power?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred or transformed

81
Q

What is the general equation for power?

A

P=W/t

P=Delta E/t

82
Q

What is the equation for electric power?

A

P=IV=I^2R=V^2/R

83
Q

What is the definition of electric power?

A

The rate at which energy is dissipated by a resistor

84
Q

Voltage supplied to a circuit is reduced by from its emf vis reduced by

A

Internal resistance

85
Q

How do you calculate the actual voltage that is supplied by a cell to a circuit including the internal resistance?

A

V=E(cell)-ir(int)
where E is the emf of the cell
i is current
r(int) is internal resistance

86
Q

Current must pass through all resistors when they are in

A

series

87
Q

Current divides and passes through resistors separately when they are in

A

parallel

88
Q

Resistance sum increases as

A

more resistors are added

89
Q

Voltage drops are additive so for R1, R2, R3, the voltage drop is

A

V1 + V2 + V3

90
Q

How do you calculate resistors in series?

A

R1 + R2+ R3…

91
Q

When resistors are in parallel, resistor sum ______

A

decreases

92
Q

T/F: Voltage drop at each resistor in parallel is the same at each resistor

A

True

93
Q

Current is the greatest thru the path with

A

least resistance

94
Q

Putting resistors in parallel reduces

A

equivalent resistance

95
Q

How to calculate resistors in parallel

A

1/Rp=1/R1+1/R2

96
Q

How do you find the current thru each resistor in parallel?

A

First find current flowing thru whole circuit (1/Rp)

Use Ohms law to calculate current

97
Q

______ have the ability to store and discharge electrical potential energy and are characterized by their ability to hold charge at a particular voltage

A

Capacitors

98
Q

What is capacitance of a capacitor?

A

The ratio of the magnitude of the charge stored on one plate to the potential difference across the capacitor

99
Q

What is the capacitance equation?

A

C=Q/V

100
Q

What is the unit for capacitance?

A

Farad (1F=1C/V)

101
Q

The separation of charges sets up a __________ between plates with parallel field vectors

A

Uniform Electric Charge

102
Q

What is the equation for electric field in capacitor?

A

E=V/d

103
Q

What is the equation for potential energy stored in a capacitor?

A

U=1/2CV^2

104
Q

What is the equation for potential energy?

A

U=mgh

105
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

K=1/2mv^2

106
Q

Capacitors store energy in the form of

A

charge separation

107
Q

Material that increases capacitance

A

dielectric material

108
Q

In isolated capacitors dielectric materials the increase in capacitance is due to a _____ in voltage

A

decrease

109
Q

The dielectric constant of a material is a measure of

A

Its insulating abilities

110
Q

When a dielectric material is in a charged capacitor in a circuit the charge on the capacitor

A

Increases

111
Q

The dielectric material in a circuit increases the capacitor charge stored causing an increase in

A

capacitance

112
Q

An increase in capacitors in series _______ capacitance total

A

Decreases

113
Q

The equation for calculating capacitance for capacitors in series:

A

1/Cs=1/C1+1/C2

114
Q

For capacitors in seres, the total voltage is the

A

sum of individual voltages

115
Q

Capacitors wired in parallel produce a resultant capacitance that is equal to

A

the sum of individual capacitances

116
Q

Capacitance of capacitors in parallel ______ as more capacitors are added

A

Increases

117
Q

The equation for capacitance of capacitors in parallel. is:

A

Cp=C1+C2….

118
Q

How does dielectric material impact capacitance

A

It increases capacitance

119
Q

How does dielectric material impact voltage

A

If capacitor is isolated: voltage will decrease

If capacitor is in circuit: voltage will stay constant

120
Q

How does dielectric material affect charge?

A

If isolated: charge stays constant

If in circuit: stored charge will increase

121
Q

What are meters?

A

Devices that measure circuit quantities

122
Q

Describe the function and characteristics of ammeters

A

measures current in a point in a circuit
inserted in series
zero resistance

123
Q

Describe the function and characteristics of voltmeters

A

measure voltage drop
inserted in parallel
have large resistance

124
Q

Describe the function and characteristics of ohmmeters

A

measure resistance
inserted around a resistive element
self powered with negligible resistance

MCAT Physics (2 decks)

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