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Medicine 1 Respiratory > Upper Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are some examples of upper respiratory tract infections?

A

Otitis media

Rhinitis

Tonsillitis

Pharyngitis

Laryngitis

Epiglottitis

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2
Q

What is laryngitis also known as?

A

Croup or laryngotracheobronchitis

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3
Q

How is bacteria inside us all the time but not causing infection?

A

As commensals, meaning they are harmless

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4
Q

What is a problem with commensals always being present?

A

It can be hard to tell what is a commensal and what is a pathogen

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5
Q

Where do most infections originate from?

A

Bacteria that was in the body beforehand

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6
Q

What is the prevalence of upper respiratory tract infections?

A

Acute upper respiratory tract infections (7% of all admissions)

Acute tonsillitis (3%)

Croup (3%)

Otitis media (0.5%)

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7
Q

What is important to know about the relationship between upper respiratory tract infections and hospital admissions?

A

Only a small percentage of upper respiratory tract infections leads to hospital admissions

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8
Q

Why is it difficult to know whether you should prescribe antibiotics are not?

A

You cannot tell if the patient is going to get better or worse

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9
Q

What is the most common upper respiratory tract infection?

A

Rhinitis (5 to 10 per year)

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10
Q

What does prodrome mean?

A

Early symptom indicating the onset of a disease

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11
Q

What does rhinitis prodrome?

A

Pneumonia

Meningitis

Septicaemia

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12
Q

What kind of condition is rhinitis and otitis media?

A

Self-limiting

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13
Q

What is the prevalence of otitis media?

A

common

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14
Q

When is otitis media primary and secondary?

A

Primary viral infection

Secondary with pneumococcus/H’flu

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15
Q

What does otitis media cause?

A

Spontaneous rupture of the eardrum

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16
Q

How useful are antibiotics for otitis media?

A

Do not usually help

17
Q

What is the prevalence of tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Common

18
Q

Is tonsillitis/pharyngitis caused by viruses or bacteria?

A

Either

19
Q

How does the severity of tonsillitis/pharyngitis drastically change?

A

It either requires nothing or 10 days of penicillin

20
Q

Can you give Amoxicillin to someone with tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Never

21
Q

What is the most common cause of tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

Throat commensal of streptococcus

22
Q

What is an indicator of croup/epiglottitis?

A

Distinctive barking cough or stridor

23
Q

What is rhinitis more commonly known as?

A

Runny nose

24
Q

How long can rhinitis take to clear?

A

up to 15 days

25
Q

What are the symptoms of otitis media?

A

Ear pain

Temperature

Pus

Redness

Bulging drum

26
Q

How long can otitis media (earache) take to clear?

A

Up to 9 days

27
Q

How does treatment with antibiotics change the duration of the infection?

A

Barely changes it and so is not worth using due to possible side effects

28
Q

What is the main side effect of antibiotics?

A

Diarrhoea

29
Q

What are advantages of defered treatment?

A

Fewer patients treated

Fewer side effects

Benefits from immediate treatment only after pain is gone

30
Q

What is worth prescribing for otitis media?

A

Analgesia (pain killer)

31
Q

How long can a sore throat last up to?

A

7 days

32
Q

What are differences between croup and epiglottitis?

A

Croup is caused by para’flu, common, child is well, barking cough, needs dexamethasone

Epiglottitis is caused by H.Influenza type B, rare, stridor and drooling, needs antibiotics

33
Q

What is the duration of croup?

A

Up to 3 days

34
Q

What is croup?

A

Childhood condition that affects the windpipe (trachea), the airways to the lungs (bronchi) and the voice box (larynx)

Medicine 1 Respiratory (20 decks)

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