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PSYC 305A > Module 6 > Flashcards

Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is ego psychology?

A

focused on development of ego within reality

  • emphasised role of identity, which is experienced by person as sense of self
  • ego as powerful, independent part of psychology
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2
Q

What is narcissism?

A

Extreme preoccupation with self, including grandiosity, inflated self-admiration & constant attention seeking

  • bragging/boasting, arrogance, entitlement, sensitivity to criticism, low empathy, derogation of others, bullying
  • internal/private self-representation are fragile & vulnerable
  • vulnerable to criticism & blows to self-worth, respond to challenges with anger & aggression
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3
Q

What is inferior complex?

A

Lack of self-worth resulting from early development; low self-esteem

  • overcompensate through “striving for superiority” - making others unhappy
  • serves as foundation for narcissism
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4
Q

What is the narcissistic paradox?

A

Although narcissists appear to have high self-esteem, they have doubts over their self-worth
- therefore, narcissism = complex defence mechanism

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5
Q

What is grandiose narcissism?

A

high self-esteem, social dominance, overestimation of capabilities; fantasies about superiority, perfection, omnipotence; exploitation & aggressiveness
- correlated w/ high extraversion, low agreeableness

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6
Q

What is vulnerable narcissism?

A

defensiveness, avoidance, insecurity, hypersensitivity & vigilance for criticism
- correlated w/ high neuroticism, low agreeableness

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7
Q

What is psychosocial development (Erikson)?

A

○ Focused on ego development over life
○ Identified common/necessary tensions inherent to each stage of development
○ Goal: struggle w/ tensions & grow

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8
Q

What are the psychosocial conflict stages?

A
  1. Infancy (ages 0-2): trust vs. mistrust
  2. Toddlerhood (ages 2-3): autonomy vs. shame & doubt
  3. Young Childhood (ages 3-4): initiative (purpose) vs. guilt
  4. Elementary School (ages 4-12): industry vs. inferiority
  5. Adolescence (ages 13-19): identity vs. role confusion
  6. Young Adulthood (ages 20-39): intimacy vs. isolation
  7. Adulthood (ages 40-64): generativity vs. stagnation
  8. Old Age (ages 65+): integrity vs. despair
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9
Q

What is object relations theory?

A

○ Examines process of developing one’s psyche in relation to others in the environment
○ Internalised representations of parents (unconscious) becomes basis for relating to others in life

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10
Q

What is attachment theory?

A

○ Infants must develop a relationship (attachment) w/ at least one primary caregiver for successful development
○ Main factors in parenting: sensitivity & responsiveness

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11
Q

What are childhood attachment styles?

A
  1. Secure: well-adjusted, trusting; caregivers responsive to needs
  2. Anxious-Ambivalent: anxious, clingy; caregivers inconsistent
    ▪ associated w/ vulnerable narcissism
  3. Avoidant: uninterested, emotionally distant; caregivers neglectful
    ▪ associated w/ grandiose narcissism
  4. Disorganised: erratic; caregivers depressed, traumatized, or abusive
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12
Q

What are adult attachment styles?

A
  1. Secure: comfortable w/ intimacy, autonomous & dependent
  2. Preoccupied (Ambivalent): crave intimacy; worried about partners
    ▪ associated w/ vulnerable narcissism
  3. Dismissive-Avoidant: minimise closeness; intimacy = loss of independence
    ▪ associated w/ grandiose narcissism
  4. Fearful-Avoidant: want relationship, but difficulty trusting others
    ▪ has been quoted w/ vulnerable narcissism
    ▪ disorganised: antisocial, lack of empathy, selfish, controlling
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13
Q

What is need?

A

state of tensions within person; as need is satisfied, related tension is reduced

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14
Q

What is motive?

A

internal state that arouses & directs behaviour toward specific object/goal; caused by deficit or lack of something; based on need

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15
Q

What is Henry Murray’s Theory of Needs?

A
  1. Primary: based on biological demands, such as need for oxygen, food & water
  2. Secondary (‘Psychogenic’): not always necessary for survival, but essential for psychological well-being
    ▪ e.g. ambition needs, needs to defend status (dominance), needs related to social power, social affection needs
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16
Q

What are the big three motives?

A
  1. Need for achievement
  2. Need for power
  3. Need for intimacy
17
Q

What is self-actualisation?

A

Final level of psychological development; achieved only when all basic & mental needs are fulfilled & full potential dominates individual (Maslow)

  • growth-motivated
  • living life according to one’s true self: “process of becoming “more and more what one idiosyncratically is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming””
18
Q

What are characteristics of self-actualisers?

A
  1. Efficient perception of reality
  2. Acceptance of themselves & others
  3. Spontaneous & natural
  4. Problem focus/task centering
  5. Affinity for solitude/autonomy
  6. Independence from culture & environment
  7. Continued freshness of appreciation
  8. More frequent peak experience
  9. Genuine desire to help human race
  10. Deep ties w/ relatively few ppl
  11. Democratic values
  12. Ability to discriminate b/w means & ends
  13. Philosophical sense of humour
  14. Creativity
  15. Resistance to enculturation
19
Q

What are characteristics of self-actualisation?

A
  • More motivated by growth, exploration & love of humanity than fulfill of deficiencies in basic need
  • Reported greater life satisfaction, self-acceptance, positive relations, environmental mastery, personal growth, autonomy, purpose in life & self-transcendent experiences
  • Displayed more creativity across multiple domains of achievement
20
Q

What is the peak experience?

A
  • Kind of transpersonal & ecstatic state, characterised by feelings of euphoria, harmonisation, deep meaning & interconnectedness
  • Described experiences & associated revelations as possessing a mystical & spiritual (or overtly religious) quality/essence
21
Q

What is fully functioning person?

A

someone who is on their way to self-actualisation; in touch w/ their deepest, innermost feelings & desires; understands their emotions; trusts their instincts & urges

22
Q

What is self-actualised person?

A
  • Healthy, ‘actualised’ personality involves congruence b/w one’s sense of self & one’s ideal self
    ○ idealised self = reflection of fullest potential
  • Self-Concept = Ideal Self
23
Q

What is self-transcendence?

A

The self only actualises by giving itself to some higher goal/purpose, as in altruism & spirutality
- suggested as 1 of 3 main aspects of psychological maturity, along w/ self-directedness & cooperativeness

24
Q

What is self-directedness?

A

extent to which person feels autonomous & in control

25
Q

What is cooperativeness?

A

extent to which person expresses empathy & identifies w/ others

26
Q

What is agency for the sake of communion?

A

those who dedicate themselves to betterment of others actualise their self-interest (agency) by promoting interests of others (communion)

27
Q

What are criticisms of Maslow’s?

A
  1. Difficult to test empirically; limited/mixed empirical evidence
  2. Inconsistent w/ certain understandings of human nature
    ○ If purpose of life is creativity & self-fulfillment, how does this help species survive?
  3. Hierarchy of needs not normative; evidence for cultural differences
28
Q

What is the neo-analytic movement?

A

Contemporary psychoanalysis based on 5 postulates:

  1. Unconscious still plays large role in life, but not the ubiquitous influence Freud held it was
  2. Behaviour often reflects comprises in conflicts among mental processes (emotions, motivations & thoughts)
  3. Childhood plays important part in personality development, particularly in terms of shaping adult relationship styles
  4. Mental representations of the self & relationships guide our interactions w/ others
  5. Personality development involves not just regulating sexual & aggressive feelings but also moving from an immature, socially dependent way of relating to others to a mature, independent relationship style
29
Q

What is press?

A

need-relevant aspects of the environment

30
Q

What is need for achievement (nAch)?

A

Desire to do better, to be successful & to feel competent

  • energised by incentives of challenge & variety
  • accompanied by feelings of interest & surprise
  • associated w/ subjective state of being curious & exploratory
31
Q

What is need for power (nPow)?

A

Readiness/preference for having an impact on other ppl
- correlates positively with:
□ having arguments w/ others
□ being elected to student office in uni
□ taking larger risks in gambling situations
□ behaving assertively & activity in a small-group setting
□ acquiring more of “prestige possessions”

32
Q

What is need for intimacy (nInt)?

A

recurrent preference/readiness for warm, close & communicative interaction w/ others

33
Q

What is positive regard?

A

recurrent preference/readiness for warm, close & communicative interaction w/ others

34
Q

What is conditions of worth?

A

requirements set forth by parents/significant others for earning their positive guard

35
Q

What is conditional positive regard?

A

when positive regard must be earned by meeting certain conditions

36
Q

What is unconditional positive regard?

A

when parents & significant others accept child w/o conditions, communicating that they love & value the child because the child just is

37
Q

What is positive self-regard?

A

able to accept themselves for who they are, even weaknesses & shortcomings

PSYC 305A (10 decks)

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