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FCS (SA) Primaries > Abdomen - Anatomical Areas > Flashcards

Abdomen - Anatomical Areas Flashcards

1
Q
    1. Name the borders of Calot’s triangle

1. 2. List it’s contents

A

1.1.
Medial - Common Hepatic Duct
Inferior - Cystic duct
Superior - inferior surface liver

1.2. 
Right Hepatic artery
Cystic artery
Lymph Node of Lund
Lymphatics
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2
Q

The lesser omentum is a double layer of visceral peritoneum attaching the lesser curvature of the stomach and the proximal duodenum to the liver.

Name the 2 ligaments found in the lesser omentum and it’s contents.

A

Hepatogastric ligament

Hepatoduodenal ligament
- contains portal triad

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3
Q

List the:

Foregut structures

Midgut structures

Hindgut structures

A

Foregut: oesophagus, stomach, duodenum (proximal to entrance of CBD), liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Midgut: duodenum (distal to CBD), jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 transverse colon

Hindgut: distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending, sigmoid, rectum and upper part anal canal

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4
Q

The gubernaculum is a fibrous cord of tissue which guides the decent of the gonads from the posterior abdominal to their anatomical position.

Name the remnants of this embryological structure in

    1. Males
    1. Females
A
    1. Small scrotal ligament - attaches testes to scrotum

1. 2. Ovarian and broad ligament

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5
Q

The processus vaginalis is an out-pocketing of peritoneum which normally degenerates.

Failure to do so results in:

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

Hydrocele

Undecended testis

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6
Q

Name the borders of the inguinal triangle (Hesselbach’s triangle)

A

Medial - lateral border of rectus abdominus

Lateral - inferior epigastric vessels

Inferior - inguinal ligament

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7
Q

Which type of epithelium lines the luminal surface of the oesophagus?

A

Non-keritanized stratified squamous

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8
Q

The oesophagus originates at which level?

A

C6 - cricoid cartilage

Terminates at T11 - cardiac oriface of the stomach

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9
Q

The anatomical structure of the oesophagus consists of adventitia (outer layer of connective tissue), muscle layer, submucosa and and mucosa.

Which type of muscles fibres make up the composition of the external muscle layer?

A

The external layer is longitudinal with an inner circular layer.

The external layer is divided into 3rds:

1st - voluntary striated

2nd - voluntary striated and smooth muscle

3rd - smooth muscle

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10
Q

The anatomical relations give rise to 4 physiological constrictions where foreign objects/food can become impacted - list them.

A

ABCD

Arch of aorta
Bronchus (left main stem)
Cricoid cartilage
Diaphragmatic hiatus

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11
Q

What is the arterial and venous supply of the oesophagus?

A

Vasculature is divided into thoracic and abdominal components

Thoracic:
Arterial: branches of thoracic aorta and inferior thyroid artery
Venous: azygous and inferior thyroid vein

Abdominal:
Arterial: left gastric and left inferior phrenic artery
Venous: left gastric vein (portal) and azygous (systemic)

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12
Q

Innervation of the oesophagus

A

Oesophageal plexus - combination of parasympathetic vagal trunks and sympathetic fibres from cervical and thoracic chains

These 2 fibres run in the vagal trunks

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13
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the oesophagus?

A

Upper: deep cervical
Middle: superior and posterior mediastinal
Lower: left gastric and celiac

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14
Q

The transpyloric plane is at which anatomical level?

A

L1

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15
Q

What are the anatomical relations of the stomach?

A

Superior: left dome of diaphragm
Anterior: diaphragm, greater omentum, left lobe liver, gallbladder, anterior abdominal wall
Posterior: lesser sac, pancreas, spleen, splenic artery, L kidney, L adrenal, transverse mesocolon

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16
Q

Name the arterial and venous supply of the stomach

A

Arterial

Lesser curvature:
R gastric artery - branch of common hepatic a.
L gastric artery - directly from coeliac trunk

Greater curvature:
R gastro-omental artery - terminal branch of R gastroduodenal - branch of common hepatic
L gastro-omental artery - branch of splenic artery - arises from coeliac trunk

Venous
R and L gastric veins - drain into portal vein
R short gastric, R and L gastro-omental drain into superior mesenteric

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17
Q

The oesophageal hiatus and lower oesophageal sphincter are at which anatomical levels?

A

Oesophageal hiatus - T10

Lower oesophageal sphincter - T11

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18
Q

Name the parts of the duodenum and it’s anatomical relations

A

D1 - Superior - L1

D2 - Descending - L1-3

D3 - Inferior - L3

D4 - Ascending - L3-2

19
Q

Name the anatomical relations of D1-4

A

D1 - Superior

D2 - Descending
Anterior: transverse colon
Posterior: R kidney
Inferior: HOP

D3 - Inferior
Superior: pancreas
Anterior: SMA, SMV
Posterior: aorta and IVC

D4 - Ascending

20
Q

List the characteristic features of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum:
Located in LUQ, thick intestinal wall, long vasa recta, less arcades (arterial loops), red in colour

Ileum:
Located in RLQ, thin walled, short vasa recta, more arcades, pink in colour

21
Q

Name the vascular supply to the duodenum

A

Proximal to the major duodenal papilla:

Gastroduodenal artery - branch of common hepatic

22
Q

The greater omentum consists of 4 layers of visceral peritoneum. Name it’s attachments

A

It attaches from the greater curvature of the stomach and proximal part of duodenum to transverse colon.

23
Q

The lesser omentum is a double layer of visceral peritoneum. Name it’s attachments.

A

It attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver

24
Q

Name the distinguishing characteristics of the large intestines

A

Omental appendices (small fat filled pouches of peritoneum)

Teniae coli (mesocolic, free and omental coli) - 3 strips of muscle

Haustra

Wider in diameter

These features end at the rectosigmoid junction

25
Q

Name the vascular supply of the

    1. Ascending
    1. Transverse
    1. Descending
    1. Sigmoid colon
A

Arterial

    1. Ascending: iliocolic, R colic artery (SMA)
    1. Transverse: R, Middle Colic (SMA) L colic (IMA)
    1. Descending: L colic
    1. Sigmoid: Sigmoid arteries (IMA)

Venous

    1. Ascending: ileocolic and R colic (SMA)
    1. Transverse: Middle Colic (SMA)
    1. Descending: L colic (IMA)
    1. Sigmoid: Sigmoid veins (IMA)
26
Q

Innervation of the colon

A

Via their embryological origin:

Midgut structure: superior mesenteric plexus
Hindgut structures: inferior mesenteric plexus

Parasympathetic innervation: pelvic splanchnic nerves
Sympathetic innervation: lumbar splanchnic nerves

27
Q

At what anatomical level is the pancreas?

A

Transpyloric plane L1

28
Q

What are the anatomical relations of the pancreas?

A

Anterior: less sac, stomach and pylorus, transverse mesocolon (attaches anterior), D1, SMA anterior uncinate
Posterior: CBD, aorta, IVC (posterior to HOP), spleen, SMA (posterior to the neck)
Right: D2

29
Q

The SMA and splenic vein unite behind which anatomical structure to form the hepatic portal vein?

A

Neck of pancreas

30
Q

What is vascular supply of the pancreas?

A

Arterial:

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery (celiac trunk)
HOP additionally supplied by:
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (branch of SMA)

Venous:
HOP: SMV into the portal vein
Pancreatic veins drain into splenic artery

30
Q

What is vascular supply of the pancreas?

A

Arterial:

Pancreatic branches of the splenic artery (celiac trunk)
HOP additionally supplied by:
Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (branch of the gastroduodenal artery)
Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery (branch of SMA)

Venous:
HOP: SMV into the portal vein
Pancreatic veins drain into splenic artery

31
Q

Name the attachments of the falciform ligament

A

Anterior surface liver to anterior abdominal wall

32
Q

Name the attachments of the coronary ligaments

A

Superior surface of the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm

Anterior and posterior coronary ligaments demarcate the bare area

33
Q

Name the attachments of the triangular ligaments

A

Left triangular ligament formed by the union of the anterior and posterior coronary ligaments attached the L lobe to the diaphragm

R triangular attaches R lobe to diaphragm

34
Q

Name the potential space between the visceral surface of the love and the R kidney

A

Morison’s pouch

35
Q

Name the fibrous layer covering the liver

A

Glisson’s capsule

36
Q

Name the anatomical relations of the

    1. Caudate lobe
    1. Quadrate lobe
A
    1. Lies between the IVC and ligamentum venosum (remnant of ductus venosus)
    1. Lies between the gallbladder and ligamentum teres (remnant of fetal umbilical vein)
37
Q

Structures contained within the portal triad

A 
Hepatic artery
Common hepatic duct
Hepatic portal vein
Lymphatic vessels
Vagus nerve
38
Q

Name the vasculature of the liver

A

Liver has unique dual supply

Hepatic artery proper 25% - supplies the non-parenchymal structures with arterial blood

Hepatic portal vein 75% - supplies the liver with partially deoxygenated blood carrying nutrients from small intestines - supplying parenchyma

Venous

Hepatic veins via IVC

39
Q

The gastro splenic ligament connects the greater curvature of the stomach to the hilum of the spleen.

Which structures are contained within this ligament?

A

Short gastric arteries and veis

Left gastro-epiploic artery and vein

40
Q

Name the structures which make up the walls of the inguinal canal?

A

Anterior wall - aponeurosis of external oblique - laterally IO

Posterior wall - transversalis fascia

Roof - transversalis fascia, IO, TA

Floor - Inguinal ligament - thickened medially by lacunar ligament

41
Q

Describe the anatomical relations of the deep ring

A

Above the midpoint of the inguinal ligament

Lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

42
Q

Describe the anatomical relations to the superficial (external) inguinal ring?

A

Superior to the pubic tubercle

Formed by invagination of the EO

43
Q

The cremasteric muscle is an extension of which muscle?

A

Internal Oblique

FCS (SA) Primaries (19 decks)

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