Lecture 3

Question 1

Basic structure of proteins?

Answer 1

Non branching amino acid polymers, that form macromolecules about 50-100 A in size. Composed of a specific amino acid sequence joined together by covalent peptide bonds.

Question 2

What are different ways of depicting chemical structure>

Answer 2

Skeletal
ball and stick
Space filling

Question 3

What are characteristics of protein sequences?

Answer 3

The sequence and arrangement are the same for each protein type.
All start with an amino group and end with a carboxy termanis.

Question 4

What are some ways of determining protein structure ?

Answer 4

Protein crystallography (most commonly used)
Electron cryo microscopy
MNR spectroscopy

Question 5

What is the role of insulin in digestion?

Answer 5

Insulin is a cell signalling hormone - After a meal insulin is generated and binds to the insulin receptor to signal cells to take up glucose

Question 6

What is the role of Trypsin in digestion?

Answer 6

Trypsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion,

Question 7

What are proteases?

Answer 7

Enzymes that breakdown proteins, eg trypsin

Question 8

What is HIV protease?

Answer 8

A protein made by a virus which is essential for HIV replication

Question 9

What is the role of Amylase in digestion?

Answer 9

Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down starch into sugars. It is found in saliva as well as pancreatic juices.

Question 10

What is the role of alcohol dehydrogenase in metabolism?

Answer 10

Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that helps to metabolise ethanol. Enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions

Question 11

What is the role of 1 CZA Hexokinase in metabolism ?

Answer 11

hexokinase is an enzyme that adds a phosphate to glucose, then the glucose is taken up by the cell. (kinases are enzymes that add phosphates to molecules)

Question 12

What is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport - metabolism?

Answer 12

Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs and carries it in the blood to tissue for use in metabolism.

Question 13

What is the role of ATP synthase in metabolism and energetics?

Answer 13

ATP synthase is a membrane protein that generates ATO for use in cellular function.

Question 14

What is the role of antibodies in immune protection?

Answer 14

antibodies bind to cellular invaders like bacteria and viruses to help protect the body from infection

Question 15

What s Sars Cov-2?

Answer 15

Spike protein

Question 16

How are SARS Cov-2 proteins blocked?

Answer 16

Therapeutic antibody fragments

Question 17

What is the role of DN polymerase in replication and maintenance?

Answer 17

DNA polymerase binds to one strand of DNA and adds the complementary strand to it

Question 18

What is the role of RNA polymerase in replication and maintenance?

Answer 18

RNA polymerase creates a single strand of RNA that is complementary to one of the strands of duplex DNA

Question 19

What are the major components of a cell?

Answer 19

Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids

Question 20

What are some of the function performed by proteins in cells?

Answer 20

catalysing metabolic reactions, DNA replication, responding to stimuli, providing structure to cells and our physical makeup (making up our muscle, ligaments,
tendons, hair, and nails!), and transporting molecules from one location to another.

Question 21

Why is it important to know/understand the structure of a protein?

Answer 21

e the structure of a protein determines its function

Question 22

How does Protein - X-Ray Crystallography work?

Answer 22

The protein of interest is isolated and protein crystals are grown. X-rays are shot at the protein crystal and are scattered by the electrons in the protein molecules making up the crystal. The scattered waves recombine to form a diffraction pattern that can be recorded on an X-ray sensitive surface. The pattern depends on the atomic arrangement in the crystal and may be converted mathematically to an electron density map from which the molecular model is built.